Innominate Artery Injury: A Catastrophic Complication of Tracheostomy in a Trauma Patient, Operative Procedure Revisited.

Tracheostomy is a routine life-saving operative procedure in the event of airway obstruction especially in faciomaxillary injuries. Bleeding is the most common complications of tracheostomy, innominate artery (IA) of normal width reaching second tracheal ring is very rare, and injury to IA can be a catastrophic complication. We reported a case of 40-year-old male presented with profuse bleeding from oral and nasal cavity following road traffic injury. During tracheostomy, there was a sudden forceful gush of blood coming out of incision site, warning a major vessel injury. Right-sided trap door thoracotomy procedure was performed, and the avulsed right IA was repaired as a life-saving procedure.

Lesión transfixiante de tronco arterial braquiocefálico por traumatismo torácico penetrante / Brachiocephalic trunk perforating injury by penetrating thoracic trauma

Las lesiones del tronco arterial braquiocefálico (TABC) son infrecuentes y se han descrito en el contexto de traumatismos penetrantes o contusos de la región torácica y cervical. Son características su elevada morbimortalidad y dificultad diagnóstica. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Paciente de género masculino, de 19 años, consultó en Servicio de Urgencia por heridas torácicas tras ser agredido por terceros con arma blanca. Ingresó sin deterioro hemodinámico encontrándose en examen físico una herida en la región esterno clavicular derecha y una herida en hemitórax izquierdo dorsal. Se realizó radiografía de tórax que mostró ensanchamiento mediastínico y hemotórax izquierdo mínimo. Por sospecha de lesión vascular se complementó estudio con angiotomografía computada de tórax que mostró doble extravasación del medio de contraste a nivel del TABC, compatible con lesión transfixiante, además de hemomediastino y hemotórax izquierdo mínimo, sin evidencias de lesión de vía aérea o esofágica. Se realizó pleurotomía para tratamiento del hemotórax. Evolucionó en buenas condiciones generales, sin deterioro hemodinámico, porlo que se decidió resolución endovascular por el equipo de Cirugía Vascular Periférica, realizándose instalación de endoprótesis recubierta en TABC, sin incidentes. No presentó complicaciones postoperatorias. Se realizó Angiotomografía de control con endoprótesis in situ. A 9 meses de seguimiento, el paciente está asintomático. DISCUSIÓN: Las lesiones del TABC son graves. El ensanchamiento mediastínico en la radiografía de tórax debe hacer sospechar lesión de grandes vasos y/o troncos supraaórticos, la que se confirma mediante estudio angiográfico en un paciente estable o en la exploración quirúrgica de urgencia, si presenta deterioro hemodinámico...

Brachiocephalic trunk lesions are rare and have been described in the context of penetrating or blunt thoracic and cervical trauma. They have a high morbidity and its diagnostic is difficult. CASE PRESENTATION: A 19 years oldman, presented in emergency room with chest injuries after being attacked with a knife. He entered without hemodynamic deterioration. In physical examination a wound in the right sternoclavicular region and a dorsal wound in the left hemithorax were found. Chest x-ray showed widened mediastinum and minimum left hemothorax. For suspected vascular injury, a chest computed angiotomography was performed, that revealed double extravasation of contrast medium at brachiocephalic trunk, consistent with a perforating injury, hemomediastinum and minimum left hemothorax. It showed no evidence of airway oresophageal injuries. Pleurotomy was performed for hemothorax treatment. He evolved in good general condition, without hemodynamic deterioration. Endovascular resolution was decided by Vascular Surgery team. A coated stent in the brachiocephalic trunk was installed without incidents. No postoperative complications were presented. The control angiotomography showed stent in situ. At 9 -month follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic. DISCUSSION: Brachiocephalic trunk injuries are serious. A injury of great vessels and/or supraaortic trunks should be suspected with a image of widened mediastinum on chest x ray, and it is confirmed by angiography in a stable patient or by emergency surgical exploration, if hemodynamic deterioration is present...

Acute right heart failure caused by iatrogenic brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula following orthopedic surgery

No abstract available.

Tratamiento endovascular de lesiones traumáticas de troncos supra aórticos / Endovascular treatment of traumatic supra aortic trunk lesions

Introduction: Traumatic lesions of supra aortic trunks (SAT) have an elevated morbidity and mortality, and its treatment is technically challenging. Endovascular techniques offer an effective solution with a lower risk, making it an attractive alternative. Objectives: Retrospective review of all the patients with SAT lesions treated with endovascular techniques. Results: Between March 2000 to August 2009, 8 patients were treated, 6 men, mean age 33.6 years. Three patients suffered blunt and 5 a penetrating trauma. The injured vessels were subclavian artery in 5, brachiocephalic trunk in two and common carotid in one. Of the 5 patients with subclavian artery injury, three had associated brachial plexus injury. Six patients were treated with an endo-graft and one with coil-embolization. One patient suffered an early partial collapse of his endograft, requiring an additional bare metal stent to maintain patency. In this series there was neither neurological morbidity nor operative mortality. Follow-up is 24.3 months, and primary assisted patency is 100 percent at 21.9 months with two patients lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Endovascular treatment of SAT lesions is effective, showing low morbidity and mortality with a good mid-term patency.

Introducción: Las lesiones traumáticas de troncos supra aórticos (TSA) tienen elevada morbimor-talidad, y su tratamiento presenta un desafío técnico. Las técnicas endovasculares se presentan como una alternativa atractiva y de menor riesgo para su solución efectiva. Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados del tratamiento endovascular de las lesiones de TSA. Material y Método: Se revisaron retrospectivamente todos los pacientes sometidos a tratamiento endovascular de lesiones de TSA. Resultados: Entre Marzo de 2000 y Agosto de 2009 se intervinieron 8 pacientes, 6 hombres, edad promedio 33,6 años. El mecanismo traumático fue contuso en 3 y penetrante en 5. Los vasos afectados fueron arteria subclavia en 5, tronco braquiocefálico en 2 y carótida común en uno. De los pacientes con lesión subclavia, tres presentaron compromiso de plexo braquial asociado. Siete pacientes fueron tratados con implante de endoprótesis y uno mediante embolización. Un paciente requirió un stent no cubierto para tratar el colapso parcial precoz de una endoprótesis. No hubo morbilidad neurológica de novo ni mortalidad operatoria. El seguimiento clínico promedio es 24,3 meses. Dos pacientes se perdieron al seguimiento. La permeabilidad primaria asistida es 100 por ciento a 21,9 meses. Conclusiones: El tratamiento endovascular de lesiones de TSA es efectivo, con baja morbimortalidad y con buena permeabilidad a mediano plazo.

Fístula traumática entre tronco braquiocefálico e veia braquiocefálica por arma de fogo / Traumatic fistula between the brachiocephalic trunk and the brachiocephalic vein due to gunshot wound

Descrevemos caso de paciente do sexo masculino, 49 anos, que sofreu ferimento por arma de fogo no tórax, transfixando o mediastino médio. Apresentava-se estável hemodinamicamente, contudo taquicárdico e taquipnéico. Ele foi submetido à propedêutica armada com radiograma de tórax, ecocardiografia transtorácica, tomografia computadorizada de tórax e arteriografia do arco aórtico. Evidenciou-se fístula traumática do tronco braquiocefálico com a veia braquiocefálica. Realizou-se correção cirúrgica com a utilização de circulação extracorpórea e hipotermia profunda com parada circulatória total. O paciente evolui bem com alta no quinto pós-operatório.

We describe the case of a 49-year old male patient who suffered a gunshot wound in the chest which transfixed the medial mediastinum. He was hemodynamically stable, but had tachycardia and tachypnea. He was submitted to integrated work-up with chest radiogram, transthoracic echocardiography, computerized chest tomography, and arteriography of the aortic arch. A traumatic fistula was evidenced between the brachiocephalic trunk and the brachiocephalic vein. Surgical repair was performed using extracorporeal circulation and deep hypothermia with total circulatory arrest. The patient progressed well and was discharged on the fifth day postoperatively.

Anatomical organization of aortic arch variations in the India: embryological basis and review

Objectives: To determine the percentage and type of aortic arch variations in Indian subjects and their clinical surgical importance and embryological basis. Patients and methods: In our investigation, branching patterns of the aortic arch were studied in 62 formalinfixed cadavers of booth sexes of Indian origin, aged 45-79. The dissections were carried out in formalin preserved after exposing the thoracic and cervical region during routine dissection of undergraduate students of Indiam origin in Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Results: The usual three-branched aortic arch was found in 56 cadavers (91,4 percent); variations were found in six cadavers (9,6 percent); 4,8 percent presented common origin of the carotid arteries; 1,6 percent had biinnominate sequence, and the same specimen had left coronary artery arising from arch of aorta directly; 1,6 percent presented right subclavian artery arising directy from the aorta; 1,6 percent had left vertebral artery a branch of aortic arch...

Lesão do esôfago e de tronco braquiocefálico em trauma fechado: uma associação incomum / Uncommon esophagic lesion associated with brachiocephalic trunk lesion in patient victim of blunt trauma's reporte case

Relato de lesão incomum de esôfago e rara associação desta com lesão em tronco braquiocefálico (TBC) em paciente vítima de trauma fechado. Paciente vítima de acidente automobilistico (auto X caminhão), masc., 19a., passageiro do banco traseiro do auto e sem cinto de segurança. Chegou ao PSHC-FMUSP consciente, orientado e estável hemodinamicamente. Exames iniciais evidenciaram alargamento de mediatisno. À arteriografia identificou-se alargamento proximal de TBC sugestivo de pseudoaneurismae à endoscopia, duas lesóes esofágicas de...

Angioplastía transluminal percutánea de los troncos supraórticos / Percutaneus transluminal angioplasty of the supraortic branches

La angioplastía transluminal percutánea (ATP) de los troncos supraórticos son en la actualidad un método seguro, eficaz y económico para el tratamiento de las lesiones estenóticas de los vasos con destino cervicoencefálico, además de que los indices de morbimortalidad son similares o menores a los publicados para endarterectomía. Este trabajo presenta una revisión bibliografíca de la técnica, indicaciones, resultados y complicaciones de la ATP. La puede llegar a ser método de elección par el tratamiento de las estenósis no ulceradas de los troncos supraórticos.