Urogenital tuberculosis: patient classification in seven different groups according to clinical and radiological presentation

PURPOSE: To describe and classify 80 cases of urogenital tuberculosis in seven groups of similar clinical and radiological presentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 80 patients (56 males, 70 percent; median age 34 years; age range 12 to 75) with urogenital tuberculosis were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided in seven groups: 1) Bilateral parenchymatous renal lesions; 2) No or minimal changes on radiographic examination; 3) Unilateral renal tuberculosis; 4) Contracted bladder; 5) Contracted bladder with renal failure; 6) Tuberculosis on a transplanted kidney; 7) Isolated genital tuberculosis. RESULTS: 1) Seven (8.8 percent) patients had multiple bilateral parenchymatous renal lesions with fever and malaise, characteristic of miliary tuberculosis. Three of these patients had AIDS. 2) Six (7.5 percent) cases had an early diagnosis, with minimal or no radiographic lesions. Two did not have any urologic symptoms. 3) Twelve (15 percent) patients had unilateral renal tuberculosis with partial (1 case) or total non-function kidney. 4) Thirty-seven (46.3 percent) patients had contracted bladder associated with unilateral partial (1 case) or total non-function kidney. 5) Ten (12.5 percent) patients had end stage renal disease due to tuberculosis with contracted bladder. 6) Four (5.0 percent) patients had tuberculosis on a transplanted kidney, with graft loss in half the cases. 7) Four (5.0 percent) patients had prostate or epididymis tuberculosis without associated renal lesion. CONCLUSIONS: Urogenital tuberculosis is a destructive disease of the urogenital tract with variable clinical and radiographic presentation. A classification according to similar patterns correlating with disease stage is feasible although early diagnosis is the only prevention of the most severe forms.

Lesiones evolutivas de la tuberculosis urogenital: correlaciones microbiológicas, anátomo-clínicas, radiológicas y ecográficas / Progressive lesions of genitourinary tuberculosis: microbiologic, anatomical clinic, radiologic and echographic correlations

La tuberculosis urogenital constituye una manifestación local de una infección generalizada. El riñón es el primer órgano urinario afectado generalmente por diseminación errática de un foco pulmonar inicial. Si la tuberculosis urogenital no es diagnosticada y tratada a tiempo se producen lesiones evolutivas crónicas, que se describen en este artículo de revisión donde se destacan sus aspectos microbiológicos, anatomoclínicos e imagenológicos