Geografia de Ouro Preto: o legado do ciclo do ouro para o lazer e o turismo / Geography of Ouro Preto: the legacy of the gold cycle for leisure and tourism

Uma das principais características intrínseca ao turismo, é o seu caráter multidisciplinar, unindo diversas áreas e formando seu corpo de conhecimento. Almirón (2004) aponta sobre o crescente número de publicações acerca da denominada geografia do turismo, com o foco no estudo do espaço. Sendo o território físico um objeto necessário para a realização da atividade turística, é preciso entender seu processo de formação e sua utilização para práticas de turismo e lazer. A partir dessa perspectiva, o presente artigo tem como objetivo principal entender a influência da economia mineradora no surgimento da atividade turística e do lazer na cidade de Ouro Preto, em Minas Gerais. A escolha do município de Ouro Preto como o foco do estudo é decorrente do importante legado histórico material e do crescimento do lazer na cidade.

One of the main intrinsic characteristics of tourism is its multidisciplinary nature, uniting different areas and forming fields of knowledge. Almirón (2004) points out the growing number of publications about the so-called geography of tourism, with a focus on the study of space. Since physical territory is a necessary object for the realization of tourist activity, it is necessary to understand its formation process and its use for tourism and leisure practices. From this perspective, the main objective of this article is to understand the influence of the mining economy on the emergence of tourist and leisure activities in the city of Ouro Preto, in Minas Gerais. The choice of the municipality of Ouro Preto as the focus of the study is due to the important material historical legacy and the growth of leisure in the city.

Actividades socioeconómicas en el Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica y posibles efectos de la variabilidad climática / Socio-economic activities at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica and possible effects of climate variability

Socioeconomic activities and their gross income in Isla del Coco National Park have been poorly evaluated and systematized, as well as the effects on them climate variability may have. A methodology that combines cluster analysis with a dynamic value chain was developed to identify the most important socioeconomic activities and quantify the gross income derived by the existence of Isla del Coco National Park. The possible effects of climate variability on these activities were also analyzed. A detailed literature review, consultation and interviews with researchers, entrepreneurs and tourists were conducted in order to apply the methodology. The main clusters of activities around this park are leisure and spiritual experiences, research and education, economic activities and park management. An approximation of the gross income from the activities carried out around the National Park in 2010 was calculated. The gross income generated at the national level was $5.7 million dollars and at the international level was $2.5 million dollars. The overall gross income was approximately $8.3 million dollars. But, if the natural resources being visited by tourists degrade due to the effects of climate variability these benefits could decrease by 30%.

Las actividades socioeconómicas y sus ingresos en el Parque Nacional Isla del Coco han sido poco evaluados y sistematizados, al igual que los efectos que sobre ellos pueda tener la variabilidad climática. empleó una metodología que combina análisis de conglomerados con una dinámica de valor agregado en una cadena productiva, para identificar las actividades socioeconómicas más importantes y cuantificar los ingresos que obtienen por la existencia del PNIC, además se analizó los posibles efectos de la variabilidad climática sobre estas actividades. Para lo anterior, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica detallada, consulta con empresarios, investigadores y turistas. Se obtuvo que los principales conglomerados de actividades alrededor del PNIC son la recreación y la vivencia espiritual, la investigación, las actividades económicas y la gestión y manejo del Parque. Se realizó una aproximación de las contribuciones de la existencia del PNIC en estos cuatro conglomerados en el 2010, y se obtuvo que la contribución el ámbito nacional fue de US$5.7 millones de dólares, el internacional de US$2.5 millones de dólares, el global del PNIC ascendió aproximadamente a US$8.3 millones de dólares. También se obtuvo que si los recursos naturales objeto de la visita de los turistas disminuyen debido a efectos de la variabilidad climática esto ingresos podrían disminuir en 30%.