The Effect of COVID-19 on anxiety levels of mothers and changes in the nutritional behavior of their children / O efeito do COVID-19 nos níveis de ansiedade das mães e mudanças no comportamento nutricional de seus filhos

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to measure the anxiety levels of mothers during the pandemic period and to investigate the correlation between anxiety levels and children's eating behaviors in Turkey. Methods Mothers with children aged 3-6 years (n=303) living in Turkey were recruited from different social media channels until February and March 2021 due to the pandemic. Mothers completed an online questionnaire that included the Child Feeding Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Pearson correlation analysis and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to determine the existing relationship between the scales. Results Although 21.2% of mothers had moderate and severe anxiety, only 0.3% of mothers had coronavirus anxiety. No significant correlation was found between any of the Child Feeding Questionnaire subscales and anxiety levels evaluated according to Beck Anxiety Inventory. Only a correlation was observed between the Beck Anxiety Inventory score and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale score (r=0.47, p<0.001). Conclusion Although coronavirus anxiety was found in a small group in our study, more comprehensive studies are needed to see the effect of the anxiety created by the pandemic on child nutrition. Considering that human beings will face various pandemics in the coming years, the negative effects of the pandemic on the individual should be determined and precautions should be taken. In this way, it can be ensured that future generations are healthy in all aspects.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo medir os níveis de ansiedade das mães durante o período de pandemia e investigar a correlação entre os níveis de ansiedade e os comportamentos alimentares das crianças na Turquia. Métodos Mães com filhos de 3 a 6 anos (n=303) residentes na Turquia foram recrutadas em diferentes canais de mídia social até fevereiro e março de 2021 devido à pandemia. As mães preencheram um questionário online que incluía o Child Feeding Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, e a Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. A análise de correlação de Pearson e os testes de Kruskal-Wallis foram aplicados para determinar a relação existente entre as escalas. Resultados Embora 21,2% das mães tivessem ansiedade moderada e grave, apenas 0,3% das mães tinham ansiedade por coronavírus. Não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre nenhum dos subfatores do Child Feeding Questionnaire e os níveis de ansiedade avaliados de acordo com o Beck Anxiety Inventory. Apenas uma corre Conclusão Embora a ansiedade por coronavírus tenha sido encontrada em um pequeno grupo em nosso estudo, são necessários estudos mais abrangentes para ver o efeito da ansiedade criada pela epidemia na nutrição infantil. Considerando que os seres humanos enfrentarão várias epidemias nos próximos anos, os efeitos negativos da epidemia sobre o indivíduo devem ser determinados e precauções devem ser tomadas. Dessa forma, pode-se garantir que as gerações futuras sejam saudáveis em todos os aspectos.

Cytotoxic evaluation and LC-MS/MS analysis of aerial parts of Eryngium kotschyi Boiss. grown in Turkey

Abstract Increasing biological activity and phytochemical investigations on Eryngium species showed its potential as pharmaceutical approach. Eryngium kotschyi Boiss. is one of the species of Eryngium genus and is endemic to Turkey. It is known that this plant is traditionally used in the South-western part of Turkey for the treatment of various diseases. This study focuses on cytotoxic activities of methanol extract and ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water sub-extracts from E. kotschyi in A549, COLO 205 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines by Sulforhodamin B assay and qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemical constituents in active extract by LC-MS/MS. From the result of the study, it was seen that E. kotschyi ethyl acetate (EKE) sub-extract showed the strongest cytotoxic effect with the low IC50 values (50.00; 31.96 and 22.26 µg/mL in A549; COLO 205 and MDA-MB-231 cells at 48 h, respectively). Preliminary examination of the mass spectrums revealed the presence of 15 phytochemical compounds in active sub-extract and 7 of them was quantified. According to quantitative analyses the main compounds of EKE sub-extract were rosmarinic acid (485.603 µg/mgextract), chlorogenic acid (62.355 µg/mgextract) and caffeic acid (59.266 µg/mgextract). Moreover, this preliminary study on inhibitory activity of EKE sub-extract suggests further toxicologic investigations and detailed investigation on cytotoxic effect of various combinations of determined compounds

Utilization of Primary Health Care Services by Turkish Gypsies and Members of the General Population at Muradiye Health Unit District in Edirne, Turkey

This survey was designed to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of and utilization of a Primary Heath Care Unit (PHCU) by Roma people (Turkish Gypsies), who live in the coverage area of Muradiye Primary Health Care Unit, as compared to members of the general population. This was a cross-sectional field study involving members of the Muradiye PHCU district. The study population comprised 127 Turkish gypsies resident in the region and 302 households selected by a stratified random sampling method. 889 household members were interviewed face-to-face at their home by means of a structured questionnaire. When the two sample groups were compared in terms of their social security coverage, rates of unemployment and educational levels, the situation of the Turkish Gypsies was found to be worse than that of the other members of the general population. 63% of the Gypsies applied to the PHCU because of health problems and 87% of these cases were treated successfully. Among those people making use of the PHCU services 47% evaluated them as being "satisfactory". Access to the PHCU services was found to be conditioned by educational level, being a Gypsy, the possession or not of a Green Card (available only to highly indigent people), whether or not the services were provided free of charge and the possession or not of social security coverage. Muradiye PHCU is well known and highly appreciated in its coverage area and is used by almost all of the residents. The main reason for the significant discrepancies in the level of health care obtained by the two population groups is the Gypsies' poorer economic situation. Among the Gypsies, the leading category of low rate social security coverage is the Green Card, which is granted to the very poor in order to reduce these inequalities. Unfortunately, the Green Card does not provide financial support for ambulatory care.