RESUMO
Influenza is a serious health problem worldwide due to the epidemics and pandemics that it periodically causes. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the United States of America recently published updated recommendations for influenza prevention and control for the 2005-2006 season. Many of these guidelines are of interest to the countries of the Region of the Americas, particularly those related to vaccination, which is the mainstay for preventing and controlling this disease. Various changes have been made in the recommendations that were published in 2004. First, the ACIP recommends vaccination against influenza for persons with any condition (e.g., cognitive dysfunction, spinal cord injury, seizure disorder, or other neuromuscular disorder) that can compromise respiratory function or make eliminating respiratory secretions difficult or that can increase the risk for aspiration. Second, the ACIP strongly recommends that all health care workers be vaccinated against influenza annually and encourages facilities that employ health care workers to vaccinate them by using approaches that maximize immunization rates. Third, the ACIP encourages the use of both available vaccines (inactivated and live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)) for eligible persons every influenza season, especially persons in recommended target groups. When inactivated virus vaccine is in short supply, the use of LAIV is especially encouraged, if feasible, for eligible persons (including health care workers) because such use might considerably increase the availability of inactivated virus vaccine for persons in high-risk groups. Fourth, the 2005-06 trivalent vaccine virus strains are A/California/7/2004 (H3N2)-like, A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like, and B/Shanghai/361/2002-like antigens. For the A/California/7/2004 (H3N2)-like antigen, manufacturers may use the antigenically equivalent A/ New York/55/2004 virus, and for the B/Shanghai/361/2002-like antigen, manufacturers may use the antigenically equivalent B/Jilin/20/2003 virus or B/Jiangsu/10/2003 virus.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Comitês Consultivos , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Pessoal de Saúde , Prioridades em Saúde , Vírus da Influenza A/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza B/classificação , Vírus da Influenza B/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Influenza/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Influenza , Vacinas contra Influenza/provisão & distribuição , Influenza Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Influenza Humana/transmissão , Influenza Humana/virologia , Lactação , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Seleção de Pacientes , Fatores de Risco , Viagem , Estados Unidos , Vacinação/métodos , Vacinação/normas , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Atenuadas , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/administração & dosagemRESUMO
A total of 293 patients with influenza like illness were investigated during the course of continuous surveillance on influenza in Pune, India in 2000. The throat/nasal swab specimens collected from these patients were inoculated in MDCK cell culture and influenza types A(H3N2), A(H1N1) and type B strains were isolated. They were identified as similar to the recently prevalent variant strains; A/Sydney/05/97(H3N2), A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1) and B/Sichuan/379/99. The latter two were the new variant strains reported for the first time in Pune. It is important to note that A(H1N1) strains were isolated in Pune during 2000 after a gap of 10 yr.