Perfil lipídico en pacientes HIV positivos con dos tratamientos antirretrovirales que acudieron al Programa Regional de control VIH- SIDA de la VII Región Sanitaria de Itapúa en el periodo abril a septiembre de 2016 / Lipid profile in HIV-positive patients with two antiretroviral treatments attending the Regional HIV-AIDS Control Programme of the VII Itapúa Health Region from April to September 2016

Numerosas investigaciones demuestran que existe alteración del metabolismo lipídico en pacientes con VIH/SIDA, caracterizada por un aumento en la concentración de triglicéridos y la disminución de las lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad y del colesterol total. La dislipidemia en personas VIH/SIDA depende de la supresión viral en el momento del estudio, de la respuesta al agente antirretroviral específico que se relaciona con la susceptibilidad genética, además de otros factores entre los cuales se encuentra el empleo de medicamentos, el peso y el estilo de vida. Los pacientes que conviven con esta infección tienen por esta razón un riesgo incrementado de accidente cardiovascular y diabetes. El objetivo fue determinar si existían diferencias en el perfil lipídico en una cohorte de pacientes que reciben esquemas de tratamientos diferentes en la población enfocada. Este fue un diseño observacional de cohorte prospectivo (24) con componente analítico que incluyó pacientes con diagnóstico de HIV y con tratamiento que concurrieron al Programa Regional de Control VIH-SIDA en el Hospital Regional de Encarnación-VII Región Sanitaria de Itapúa de abril a septiembre de 2016. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la mayoría de los analitos componentes del perfil lipídico. Es necesario realizar un control periódico del perfil lipídico en estos grupos de pacientes, pues ello contribuirá a un mejor seguimiento del estado de salud así como a la prevención de accidentes cardiovasculares en los pacientes que conviven con VIH/SIDA y que están en tratamiento con antirretrovirales

Numerous research studies show that there is an impaired lipid metabolism in patients with HIV/AIDS, characterized by an increase in triglyceride concentration and decreased high- and low-density lipoproteins and total cholesterol. Dyslipidemia in HIV/AIDS people depends on viral suppression at the time of the study, response to the specific antiretroviral agent that relates to genetic susceptibility, as well as other factors including the use of medications, weight and lifestyle. Therefore, patients living with this infection have an increased risk of cardiovascular accident and diabetes. The objective was to determine whether there were differences in lipid profile in a cohort of patients receiving different treatment schemes in the targeted population. This was a prospective cohort design research with analytical component that included patients with HIV diagnosis and treatment that attended the Regional HIV-AIDS Control Programme at the Regional Hospital of Encarnacion - VII Itapúa Health Region from April to September 2016. Significant differences were found in most analytes components of the lipid profile. A periodic control of the lipid profile is necessary in these patient groups as this will contribute to a better monitoring of the health status as well as to the prevention of cardiovascular accidents in patients living with HIV/AIDS, and who are being treated with antiretrovirals

Variación del perfil lipídico en ratas Holtzman con dislipidemia inducida por el aceite de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) / Variation of the lipid profile in Holtzman rats with dyslipidemia induced by sacha inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo)

Objetivo: Verificar modificaciones del perfil lipídico (PL) en ratas Holtzman por aceite de Sacha Inchi Plukenetía volubilis Linneo (ASI), peso corporal (PC) y bioquímicas, en dislipidemia inducida por colesterol. Evaluar modificaciones del perfil lipídico (PL) induciendo colesterol a ratas Holtzman, por aceite de Sacha Inchi Plukenetía volubilis Linneo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, experimental y correlacional ; utilizándose el método de Ruiz-Roso et al (2003) y Arroyo y col (2007); 40 ratas fueron distribuidas al azar en 5 grupos: control negativo SSF 4 mL/kg; control positivo goma tragacanto (GT) 2% 4 mL/kg ; colesterol (C) 120 mg/kg en GT (CGT); CGT + atorvastatina 40 mg/kg; CGT + ASI 300 mg/kg; administrados oralmente una vez diariamente durante dos meses; se determinó PL, PC, Glucosa, TGO, TGP. Aplicándose análisis descriptivo mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas; analítico correlación de Pearson y análisis de varianza con medidas repetidas. Resultados: El perfil lipídico con aceite de Sacha Inchi no mostró cambios en el colesterol total, aumentando el VLDL en 36,80 %, triglicéridos 35,29%, PC 30,86%, TGP en 22,10%; disminuyendo la LDL 26,72 %, HDl 7,83%, la glicemia 10,64%, TGO 18,68%. Con Atorvastatina se incrementó el colesterol 7,34%, VLDL 24,12%, triglicéridos 21%, PC 40,85%, TGP 15,44%; reduciendo el LDL 14.63%, HDL 6%, glicemia 11,44% y TGO. Conclusión: En las condiciones experimentales se ha demostrado aceite de Sacha inchi y atorvastatina inducen reducción de la LDL, aumento de la VLDL y sin modificación del colesterol total e incremento del peso corporal.

Objective: To verify modifications of the lipid profile (PL) in Holtzman rats by Sacha Inchi Plukenetía Volubilis Linneo (ASI) oil, body weight (PC) and biochemical, in cholesterol-induced dyslipidemia. To evaluate modifications of the lipid profile (PL) by inducing cholesterol in Holtzman rats, by Sacha Inchi oil Plukenetía volubilis Linneo. Materials and methods: Quantitative, experimental and correlational study. Using the method of Ruiz-Roso (2003) and Arroyo (2007), 40 rats were randomly distributed in 5 groups: negative control SSF 4 mL / kg; positive control tragacanth gum (GT) 2% 4 mL / kg; cholesterol (C) 120 mg / kg in GT (CGT); CGT + atorvastatin 40 mg / kg; CGT + ASI 300 mg / kg, administered orally once daily for two months; PL, PC, Glucose, TGO, TGP were determined. Descriptive analysis using absolute and relative frequencies; Analytical Pearson correlation and analysis of variance with repeated measures were applied. Results: The lipid profile with Sacha Inchi oil showed no changes in total cholesterol, increasing VLDL by 36.80%, triglycerides 35. 29%, PC 30.86%, TGP in 22.10%; lowering LDL by 26.72%, HDL 7.83%, glycemia 10.64%, TGO 18.68%. With Atorvastatin, it increased cholesterol by 7.34%, VLDL 24.12%, triglycerides 21%, PC 40.85%, TGP 15.44%; and lowered LDL 14.63%, HDL 6%, glycemia 11.44% and TGO. Conclusion: Under experimental conditions, Sacha Inchi oil and atorvastatin were found to lower LDL, and increase VLDL without modifying total cholesterol or body weight increase.

Secondary metabolites of petri-dish cultured Antrodia camphorata and their hepatoprotective activities against alcohol-induced liver injury in mice / 中国天然药物

Antrodia camphorata, a well-known and highly valued edible medicinal mushroom with intriguing activities like liver protection, has been traditionally used for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. A. camphorata shows highly medicinal and commercial values with the demand far exceeds the available supply. Thus, the petri-dish cultured A. camphorata (PDCA) is expected to develope as a substitute. In this paper, nineteen triterpenes were isolated from PDCA, and thirteen of them were the unique anthroic acids in A. camphorata, including the main content antcin K, which suggested that PDCA produced a large array of the same anthroic acids as the wild one. Furthermore, no obvious acute toxicity was found suggesting the edible safety of PDCA. In mice alcohol-induced liver injury model, triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) had been reduced by the PDCA powder as well as the main content antcin K, which indicated that the PDCA could protect alcoholic liver injury in mice model and antcin K could be the effective component responsible for the hepatoprotective activities of PDCA against alcoholic liver diseases.

Valores de LDL-Colesterol Estimados pela Equação de Friedewald são Afetados pelo Controle do Diabetes / Low-Density Lipoprotein Values Estimated by Friedewald Equation are Affected by Diabetes Control

Fundamento: A equação de Friedewald (EF) é amplamente utilizada para estimar o LDL-c sem utilizar ultracentrifugação. Entretanto, a equação tem limitações em determinados cenários clínicos. Objetivo: O nosso objetivo era investigar a possível importância das diferenças entre a EF e a medição direta de LDL-c em pacientes com diabetes. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal entre 466 pacientes com doença coronária estável. Colesterol total, triglicérides, HDL-c e LDL-c foram coletados, e a EF foi calculada. A acurácia foi calculada como percentagem de estimativas dentro de 30% (P30) do LDL medido. O viés foi calculado como a diferença média entre o LDL-c medido e o estimado. A concordância entre os métodos foi avaliada utilizando gráficos de Bland-Altman. Resultados: O viés foi de 3,7 (p=0,005) e 1,1 mg/dl (p=0,248), e a acurácia foi de 86% e 93% em pacientes diabéticos e não-diabéticos, respectivamente. Entre os pacientes com diabetes, o viés foi de 5 mg/dl (p=0,016) e 1,93 mg/dl (p=0,179), e a acurácia foi de 83% e 88% em indivíduos com hemoglobina A1c superior a 8 mg/dl versus abaixo do ponto de corte, respectivamente. O viés foi similar em pacientes sem diabetes comparados com pacientes com diabetes e HbA1C < 8 (1,1 e 1,93 mg/dl). Conclusão: A EF é imprecisa entre indivíduos gerais com diabetes. Porém, ao estratificar pacientes com diabetes em bom e mau controle da doença, o primeiro grupo se comporta como se não tivesse diabetes, com uma boa correlação entre o LDL-c calculado e o mensurado. É importante saber quando é razoável usar a EF, porque uma estimativa imprecisa dos níveis de LDL-c pode resultar no subtratamento da dislipidemia e predispor estes pacientes a eventos agudos

Background: Friedewald equation (FE) is widely used to estimate the LDL-c without the use of ultra-centrifugation. However, the equation has limitations in some clinical settings. Objective: Our goal was to investigate the potential importance of differences between FE and direct measurement of LDL-c in patients with diabetes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 466 patients with stable coronary disease. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c and LDL-c were collected, and FE was calculated. Accuracy was calculated as the percentage of estimates within 30% (P30) of measured LDL. Bias was calculated as the mean difference between measured and estimated LDL-c. Agreement between methods was evaluated using BlandAltman plots.Results: Bias was 3.7 (p=0.005) and 1.1 mg/dl (p=0.248), and accuracy was 86% and 93% in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, respectively. Among patients with diabetes, bias was 5 mg/dl (p=0.016) and 1.93 mg/dl (p=0.179), and accuracy was 83% and 88% in subjects with Hemoglobin A1C above 8 mg/dl versus below cutoff point, respectively. Bias was similar in patients without diabetes compared to patients with diabetes and HbA1C < 8 (1.1 and 1.93 mg/dl). Conclusion: FE is inaccurate among overall individuals with diabetes. However, when stratifying patients with diabetes into good and poor disease control, the first group behaves as if it does not have diabetes, with a good correlation between calculated and measured LDL-c.It is important to know when is it reasonable to use FE because an inaccurate estimation of LDL-c levels could result in undertreatment of dyslipidemia and predispose these patients to acute events

Association between very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and cholesterol absorption/synthesis markers in patients with moderate and high risk of coronary heart disease / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the association between very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and cholesterol absorption and synthesis markers in patients with moderate and high risk of coronary heart disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total 363 statin-naïve patients with moderate and high risk of coronary heart disease were consecutively recruited from two hospitals in Shanxi and Henan provinces between October 2008 and June 2009. A standard questionnaire and physical examination were performed at baseline. Atorvastatin (20 mg/day) was administered to patients for 4 weeks. Venous blood samples after an overnight fast were collected before and after treatment for measuring VLDL-C and cholesterol absorption and synthesis markers. In qualitative analyses, the baseline level of cholesterol absorption and synthesis markers and their reduction after atorvastatin treatment were categorized into 3 tertile groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Of 363 patients, 283 patients with mean age of (55.43±9.01)years old with complete data were finally analyzed. The median level of baseline VLDL-C was 1.06 (0.65, 1.86) mmol/L. The median level of baseline cholesterol absorption marker (Campesterol) and cholesterol synthesis marker (Lathosterol) was 6.01 (3.78, 9.45) mg/L and 13.46 (8.30, 21.07) mg/L, respectively. (2) Partial correlation analysis and multiple regression showed the baseline level of VLDL-C was positively correlated with Campesterol (r=0.153, P<0.05) but not with Lathosterol(r=0.182, P=0.173). Furthermore, baseline VLDL-C level significantly increased with tertile of the baseline level of Campesterol in the qualitative analyses(P for trend=0.035). (3) Mean reduction in VLDL-C levels was 38.0% after 4 weeks atorvastatin treatment. VLDL-C reduction was positively correlated with Campesterol reduction (r=0.331, P<0.001). VLDL-C reduction significantly increased with the tertile of Campesterol reduction (P for trend=0.032). But this trend was not observed between VLDL-C level and Lathosterol (P for trend=0.798).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The level of VLDL-C was closely related to cholesterol absorption marker, and further studies are needed to validate if inhibitor of cholesterol absorption (for example by Ezetimibe) could bring about more effective VLDL-C lowering effect in this patient cohort.</p>

Efeito de um programa de hidroginástica sobre o perfil lipídico de mulheres pós-menopáusicas / Effect of resistance training aqua aerobics on the lipid profile of postmenopausal women

Introdução: Estudos associam alterações bioquímicas à incidência de doenças cardiovasculares, e um programa de hidroginástica apresenta-se como coadjuvante para melhora dessas enfermidades. Objetivo: Identificar o efeito de um programa de treinamento em hidroginástica sobre o perfil lipídico de mulheres pós-menopáusicas. Métodos: Participaram 33 mulheres divididas em grupo experimental, com 22 voluntárias que realizaram treinamento em hidroginástica, e grupo controle, com 11 integrantes que não efetuaram nenhum treino sistematizado. Resultados: Os resultados do grupo experimental, pré e pós-teste, evidenciaram redução das variáveis LDL, triglicérides e colesterol total. No grupo controle, observou-se diminuição somente nos níveis de HDL, LDL e colesterol total. Em relação aos dois grupos, após intervenção, também observou-se redução do triglicérides e do VLDL. No entanto, não foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas nas variáveis deste estudo. Conclusão: Verificou-se que o treinamento aeróbico em hidroginástica promoveu uma modesta redução do perfil lipídico das mulheres pós-menopáusicas.

Introduction: Studies have related biochemical changes in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, and a program of water aerobics is showing as an adjuvant to improve these conditions. Objective: To identify the effect of a training program in exercises made inside the water (aqua aerobics) on the lipid profile of postmenopausal women. Methods: Thirty-three women were divided into experimental group with 22 volunteers who went aqua aerobics training, and control group with 11 volunteers who did not perform any systematic training. Results: The results of the experimental group, pre- and post-test showed a reduction in the variables LDL, triglycerides and total cholesterol. A decrease in HDL, LDL and total cholesterol was observed in the control group. After the intervention, a reduction in triglycerides and VLDL was also observed in both groups. However, there were found no significant differences in the variables in this study. Conclusion: We conclude that aerobic training in aqua aerobics promoted a reduction in the lipid profile of postmenopausal women.

Associação entre comportamento sedentário e perfil antropométrico e metabólico entre adolescentes / Asociación entre sedentarismo y los perfiles metabólicos y antropométricos en adolescentes / Association between sedentary behavior and anthropometric and metabolic profiles among adolescents

The purpose of this study was to establish the association between sedentary behavior and the anthropometric and metabolic profiles within a sample group of 572 adolescents from public schools in the city of Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil. Approximately 8 ml of blood was drawn to measure total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, and glucose. Stature and body mass were measured to calculate the body mass index. Information about the subjects' socioeconomic status, physical activity level, sedentary behavior, eating frequency, as well as personal information was obtained through questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency and percentage score, and Binary Logistic Regression were used to obtain the odds ratio with a CI of 95% and p<0.05. Half of the girls had TC levels classified as borderline or altered, and total screen time presented a significant association between the metabolic variables analyzed in the study. We conclude that girls had TC levels less favorable than that of the boys and that screen time is associated with some metabolic variables.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre o comportamento sedentário e o perfil antropométrico e metabólico em uma amostra de adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná. Participaram da pesquisa 572 adolescentes da rede pública de ensino. Coletou-se aproximadamente 8 ml de sangue para determinar o colesterol total (CT), lipoproteína de baixa densidade, lipoproteína de alta densidade, triglicerídeos e glicemia. Mensurou-se a estatura e massa corporal para cálculo do índice de massa corporal. Obteve-se dados sobre informações pessoais, nível socioeconômico, nível de atividade física, comportamento sedentário e frequência alimentar através de questionários auto preenchidos. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, medidas de tendência central e proporção, e a Regressão Logística Binária para obtenção do razão de chances com intervalo de confiança de 95% e p<0,05. Metade das moças apresentou alterações no CT e houve uma associação positiva significativa entre o tempo total de tela e as variáveis metabólicas avaliadas no estudo. Conclui-se que as meninas mostraram valores de CT menos favorável que os rapazes e, existe uma correlação entre o tempo de tela e algumas variáveis metabólicas.

El objetivo fue investigar la asociación entre el comportamiento sedentario y el perfil antropométrico y metabólico en adolescentes en la ciudad de Curitiba, Paraná. Los participantes fueron 572 adolescentes matriculados en las escuelas públicas. Se recogieron 8 ml de sangre para determinar el colesterol total (CT), LDL-c, HDL-c, triglicéridos y glucosa. Se midió la altura y el peso para calcular el índice de masa corporal. Los datos sobre la información personal, el nivel socioeconómico, el nivel de actividad física, el sedentarismo y el consumo alimentario se recogieron a través de cuestionarios auto-completados. Se empleó la estadística descriptiva, medidas de tendencia central y de proporción, y la regresión logística binaria para obtener la odds ratio con intervalo de confianza del 95% y p<0,05. La mitad de las chicas tenían el colesterol alto y existe una asociación positiva significativa entre el tiempo total de pantalla y las variables metabólicas evaluadas en el estudio. Llegamos a la conclusión de que las chicas presentan el CT menos favorable que los niños y el tiempo total de pantalla corresponde a las variables metabólicas.

Modificaciones de las lipoproteínas del plasma en voluntarios sometidos a dietas preparadas con aceite de girasol solo o mezclado con oleína de palma / Changes in the content of plasma lipoproteins in persons subjected to diets prepared with sunflower oil alone or mixed with palm olein

En 31 comensales regulares del Comedor Universitario de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (CUUCV), en Caracas. Se observó el efecto de la sustitución del aceite de girasol que se utiliza corrientemente en la preparación de las comidas en ese comedor, por un aceite obtenido de la mezcla de aceite de girasol y oleína de palma, en la proporción 70/30 (v/v) respectivamente. Después de 40 días continuos de la sustitución no hubo cambios significativos en las concentraciones de colesterol total (CT), ni del colesterol de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) y muy baja densidad (VLDL). La concentración del colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL) aumentó significativamente (p<0,05). Los triglicéridos (TG) del plasma aumentaron en un 30%. La resistencia a la oxidación de las LDL aumentó considerablemente (p< 0,01). Hoy se considera a esta resistencia como un factor protector de gran importancia en la prevención del inicio del proceso aterogénico. Tomando en cuenta las modificaciones favorables como el aumento de colesterol de HDL sin modificación de la LDL y el claro aumento de la resistencia a la oxidación de la LDL, se considera que la oleína de palma es un aceite vegetal que puede ser utilizado sin mayores riesgos en mezcla con otros aceites que tengan una relación linoleico/palmítico más elevada como los aceites de girasol, maíz, soja y otros.

We analyzed in 31 subjects, regular guests of the University food service of the Central University of Venezuela (UCVFS), in Caracas, the effects of replacing sunflower oil, commonly used in the preparation of meals, by a mix of sunflower oil and palm olein 70/30 (v/v) respectively. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, low and very low density lipoproteins were not changed after 40 days of the substitution. On the contrary, concentrations of high density lipoprotein and total triglycerides increased. The resistance to the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins increased considerably (p<0, 01). Today this resistance is considered as a protective factor of great importance in the prevention of the initiation of the atherogenic process. Taking into account the favorable modifications of HDL cholesterol and the clear increased resistance to the oxidation of LDL, we think that palm olein, mixed with other oils with a high ratio linoleic/palmític (sunflower, corn, soya an the likes), can be used as a healthy alternative in human nutrition.

Epidemiologic evidence on serum adiponectin level and lipid profile

The concentration of adiponectin, a hormone which is secreted from adipose tissue, is inversely correlated with body fat mass. This hormone has anti inflammatory and anti atherogenic properties. Its concentration reduces in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This study reviews the evidence on the relationship between serum adiponectin concentration and lipid profile. In this study former clinical trials, cross sectional and prospective studies have been reviewed. The PubMed search engine has been used to find related research for the topic by considering dyslipidemia, total cholesterol [TC], high and low density protein [HDL and LDL], triglyceride [TG], lipid profile [LP] and adiponectin as the key words. Finally, 25 articles were recruited to review in the present article. Serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with plasma HDL cholestrol concentrations. There was a significant inverse relationship between plasma triglyceride and serum adiponectin. An inverse correlation between very low density lipoprotein [VLDL] and LDL levels and adiponectin was reported from the studies. So, Adiponectin has an important role in the metabolism of lipid profile including HDLc

Bone mineral changes and cardiovascular effects among female athletes with chronic menstrual dysfunction

Oligo/amenorrhea, as a part of the Female Athlete Triad has adverse effects on the athlete's bone mineral density [BMD] and cardiovascular system. Hypoestrogenism, due to suppression of hypothalamus-pituitary axis [HPA] as a result of energy imbalance, is the possible cause of the Triad. This study was designed based on following up and reassessment of elite female athletes who were diagnosed as menstrual dysfunction about two years ago. This study was conducted in three phase sections: 1] Reassess the pattern of menstrual cycle among athletes who reported menstrual dysfunction about two years ago; 2] Bone mineral density was measured twice in the same machine and same center with a two-year interval; 3] The laboratory data including blood glucose, lipid profile and inflammatory markers was assessed in phase 3. BMD of athletes did not change significantly after 25.5 months of oligomenorrhea P [spine] = 0.2, P [femur]=0.9. Mean of all cardiovascular factors was in the normal range except for high density lipoprotein [HDL] which was 49.28 [SD=9.18], however, most of the athletes had abnormalities in their lipid profile. Inverse relationship between the increase in the BMD of spine and total cholesterol [r =-0.49, P=0.04], Apolipoprotein A [r = -0.51 P=0.04], and very low density lipoprotein [VLDL] [r =-0.66, P=0.009]. Also correlation between BMD of spine and HbA1C [r =-0.70, P=0.003] were significant. Findings of this study show that negative changes in BMD and cardiovascular biomarkers of female athletes with functional hypothalamic menstrual dysfunction could occur if proper therapeutic intervention [including increase in calorie intake, decrease in exercise load or hormonal replacement] will not consider

Lipid-lowering effect of cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) from Cordyceps militaris on hyperlipidemic hamsters and rats / 药学学报

3'-Deoxyadenosine, so-called cordycepin, is a bioactive component of the fungus Cordyceps militaris. It has been known to exhibit multiple-biological effects including: modulation of immune response, inhibition of tumor growth, hypotensive and vasorelaxation activities, and promoting secretion of adrenal hormone. To investigate its lipid-lowering effect, hyperlipidemic hamsters and rats fed by high-fat diet were both administered orally with cordycepin extracted from Cordyceps militaris for four weeks. The levels of lipids in hamsters and rats were measured enzymatically before and after the administration of cordycepin (12.5, 25 and 50 mg x kg(-1)). The results suggested that levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) increased markedly in the two animal models by feeding high-fat diet. Meanwhile, cordycepin reduced levels of serum TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C as well as LDL-C/HDL-C (high density lipoprotein cholesterol) and TC/HDL-C ratios. In concert with these effects, an increase in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activity afforded by cordycepin was considered to contribute to the regulation on lipid profiles. Furthermore, no toxicity of cordycepin was observed by intragastric administration at the maximal tolerant dose in ICR mice for 14 days. The exact lipid-lowering effect of cordycepin needs further investigation.

Lipoprotein changes in women taking low-dose combined oral contraceptive pills: a cross-sectional study in Basra, Iraq

We assessed lipid and lipoprotein levels in 100 women taking low-dose COCs and a control group of 100 non-users attending the family planning centre Basra Maternity and Child Hospital, Iraq. Venous blood was collected after 12-14 hours fasting, and serum triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and very low-density lipoprotein [VLDL] levels were measured. Serum TG, HDL-C and VLDL levels were significantly higher and LDL-C levels lower in users than non-users but TC levels did not differ between the 2 groups. TG, HDL-C and VLDL levels rose with age and duration of use while LDL-C levels decreased; TC levels did not change

Effect of cyamopsis tetragonoloba [GUAR] on lipid profile in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects

To compare the effect of Guar fiber in Roasted and cooked vegetable form on lipid profile in diabetic as well as in normal healthy subjects. This study was conducted at Department of Medicine, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, India on 120 subjects in which 60 were diabetic and 60 non diabetic. Blood samples were withdrawn before and after 15 and 30 days of consumption of 10.0 and 20.0 gm of roasted and cooked guar fiber per day and analyzed for sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL-cholesterol by standard technique using semi-auto analyzer. The Blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL showed highly significant results [t=4.33 and p < .001] after supplementation of roasted guar fiber for 30 days as compare to that of cooked vegetable guar fiber in normal as well as in diabetic subjects in daily routine diet, Blood sugar level [96.9 +/- 2.49%] after 30 days consumption of 20 gm roasted guar fiber per day in normal subjects and in Diabetics [154.3 +/- 15.38%] where as HDL showed no significant change when 20 gm roasted fiber given for 15 days [49.7 +/- 7.10],after 30 days range is [55.5 +/- 8.16], p value [p<.05]. Roasted guar, as compared to cooked guar, significantly reduces Blood sugar, serum cholesterol,triglyceride, LDL and VLDL level not HDL, in both diabetic and non diabetic adults.Roasted guar fiber diet is beneficial for Diabetic as well as Cardiac patients

Variabilidad análitica entre laboratorios clínicos en la determinación de lípidos séricos (colesterol total, HDL, LDL y VLDL) en Venezuela / Analytical variability among clinical laboratories in Venezuela assessing serum total cholesterol: HDL: LDL and VLDL

El perfil de lípidos séricos es indispensable para el proceso de decisión clínica actual, pero el equipo de salud conoce poco sobre el concepto y la magnitud de la variabilidad inter e intra-laboratorio en su determinación. Para determinar colesterol total, HDL, LDL y VLDL se enviaron alícuotas congeladas de un mismo pool de sueros, a una muestra de laboratorios clínicos venezolanos (LCV), que realizaron las determinaciones como un servicio regular (procedimientos, reactivos y equipos de su rutina diaria). Participaron 180 LCV de 29 ciudades, resultados en (ml/dL) promedio (rango): Colesterol 181,9 (145 a 330), LDL 106,6 (48,5 a 241,2); HDL 43,8 (16 a 93) y VLDL 32,5 (5,2 a 90). El promedio del grupo se considero el valor de referencia. La prevalencia (%) de determinaciones con diferencias mayor e igual 10%(en más o en menos) del promedio: Colesterol total 18,9%, LDL 48,6%, HDL 52,5% y VLDL 39,1%. Según ATP-III; 8,5% reportaron LDL alto y 31,6% reportaron HDL bajo. Se demostró que la variabilidad inter-laboratorio existente permitiría clasificar a un mismo paciente en cualquiera de las categorías del ATP-III, esta información es muy valiosa para el clínico a la hora de tomar decisiones sobre el riesgo de su paciente, y evidencia la necesidad de promover en Venezuela un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica que promueva la calidad, reduciendo la variabilidad inter-laboratorio a niveles aceptables.

The current clinical decision making process needs no take into consideration a patient's lipid profile. However, the health team in seldom aware of the concept and magnitude of inter and intra laboratory variability. Frozen aliquots of the same pool of serums were sent to a sample of clinical laboratories (CL) in Venezuela, which carry out such analyses as a regular service (with the same procedures, reactants and equipment). One hundred and eighty CL from 29 cities participated. The group results in milligrams/deciliters were, mean (range): total cholesterol 181,9 (145 to 330), LDL 106.6 (48.5 to 241.2); HDL 43.8 (16 to 93) and VLDL 32.5 (5.2 to 90). The group mean was selected as reference value. The prevalence rates of differences of major and equal ± 10% (as a percentage of the mean) were: total cholesterol 18.9%, LDL 48.6%, HDL 52.5% and VLDL 39.1%. According to ATP-III; 8.5% of LC reported high LDL and 31.6% reported low HDL. The results show that the same patient could be classified into every ATP-III category. This information is important for clinicians assessing the cardiovascular disease risk of patients, and it show the need to promote a national health surveillance system to assure quality control and to reduce inter labortory variability to acceptable levels.

Perfis antropométrico, lipídico e glicêmico em adolescentes de uma instituição filantrópica no noroeste do Paraná / Anthropometric, lipids and blood glucose profiles in adolescents of a philanthropic institution in the northwest Paraná

INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade na adolescência é um fator preditivo da obesidade no adulto. A prevalência em crianças e adolescentes tem aumentado na maior parte dos países e tem-se traduzido em um dos mais significativos problemas nutricionais da atualidade. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar os perfis antropométrico, lipídico e glicêmico em adolescentes de baixo nível socioeconômico de uma instituição filantrópica no noroeste do Paraná. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: A população estudada foi composta por 92 adolescentes, com idade entre 10 e 17 anos. Foi utilizado o índice de massa corporal (IMC) para verificar o estado nutricional dos adolescentes, considerando normal 24,9 kg/m² e sobrepeso > 25 kg/m². A razão cintura-quadril (RCQ) foi mensurada por meio do quociente da cintura pelo quadril, e as concentrações de glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, frações HDL-C, LDL-C e VLDL-C foram determinadas segundo o método enzimático colorimétrico. RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se 9,79 por cento de sobrepeso nos adolescentes e 9,78 por cento de RCQ e colesterol inadequados para a idade. Baixa correlação foi encontrada entre IMC e sobrepeso, glicemia, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, LDL-C, VLDL-C e HDL-C, enquanto idade (razão de chance [RC] = 49,16) e RCQ (RC = 13,99) apresentaram correlação significativa (p < 0,05) com IMC. CONCLUSÃO: O resultado demonstra a necessidade de políticas públicas de saúde no âmbito escolar como fator preventivo da obesidade e seus fatores de risco.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity in adolescence is a predictive factor of obesity in adulthood. The prevalence in children and adolescents has increased in most countries and has become one of the most significant nutritional problems nowadays. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at verifying the anthropometric, lipid and glycemic profiles in lower class adolescents from a philanthropic institution located in the Northeast of Paraná State. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The studied population consisted of 92 adolescents, from 10 to 17 years of age. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to verify their nutritional status, considering < 24.9 kg/m² normal and > 25 kg/m² overweight. The waist-to-hip measurement was calculated through waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and glucose concentrations, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and VLDL-c fractions were determined through enzymatic methods. RESULTS: 9.79 percent were overweight and 9.78 percent of WHR and cholesterol levels were inadequate to the age group. BMI (overweight), blood glucose, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, LDL-c, VLDL-c and HDL-c showed low correlation, whereas age (OR = 49.16) and WHR (OR = 13.99) showed significant correlation p < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The result evidenced the necessity of health public policies in educational scope in order to prevent obesity and its risks factors in adolescence.

[ effect of strengthening exercises on metabolic factors, quality of life and mental health in women with type 2 diabetes]

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogenous group of different metabolic disorders, characterized by chronic increase of blood glucose and proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. In this semi-experimental investigation, 17 women patients with type 2 diabetes from the clinic of the Arak Petroleum Company were selected and divided into two groups: the strengthening [9 persons] and the controls [8 persons]. The strengthening group performed selected exercises for 8 weeks [3 sessions/week and 30-50 min/session]. In this investigation we assessed metabolic factors [total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, VLDL, LDL, FBS, HbA1c and Insulin Serum] and compared SF-36 and GHQ questionnaires. Data analyses was performed with SPSS.12 and we used of the paired samples T test. Confidence level was considered at 95% [P<0.05]. There were significant differences between means of pre-test and post-test measures of TC, FBS, HbA1C, insulin serum, quality of life [QOL] and mental health [MH] of the strengthening group, but no significant differences were found between means of pre-test and post-test measures of HDL, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides in the strengthening group and factors of control group [P<0.05]. It seems that strengthening exercises are an effective treatment for metabolic factors, QOL and MH in type 2 diabetic patients, and lead to improvement in the patient's status

[Effects of apple consumption on lipid profile among hyperlipidemic and over weight men]

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of apple consumption on lipid profiles among hyperlipidemic and overweight men. We performed an experimental study on 46 hyperlipidemic men, aged between 30-50 years[TC=200-240 mg/dl, TG=150-350 mg/dl], randomly divided into two [apple and control] groups. The apple group [23 subjects] received 300 gr of whole apples per day [Golden Delicious] for 8 weeks, while controls [23 subjects] had the regular dietary pattern for the same period of time. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after intervention and analyzed for serum TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL, Apo[B], Lp[a] and LDL/HDL levels. Before study, education level and family size were compared. Before and after intervention, physical activity and dietary intake were compared between the two groups. Both total polyphenol and the total fiber consumed in apples were measured. Total polyphenol and total fiber intakes were 485 mg/kg fresh apple and 4.03 gr/100 gr of fresh apple, respectively. After 8 weeks, mean differences in TG and VLDL concentrations increased statistically in the apple group compared to the control group, but, no significant differences were observed in the TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo[B], Lp[a] and LDL/HDL levels, between two groups. Consumption of Golden Delicious apples seemed to increase serum TG and VLDL concentrations in hyperlipidemic men. More studies are needed to investigate the effect of Golden delicious apple on serum TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo[B], Lp[a] and LDL/HDL concentrations

Impact of plasmatic lipids in glycemic control and its influence in the cardiometabolic risk in morbidly obese subjects / Impacto dos lipídios plasmáticos no controle glicêmico e sua influência no risco cardiometabólico em pacientes obesos mórbidos

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether biochemical parameters are associated with a good glycemic control and to identify the occurrence of cardiometabolic risk variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred forty Brazilians were evaluated. The subjects were characterized with regard to glycemic control as good, fair and poor and were divided into tertiles by TG and HbA1c. We use the ROC curve to determine which variables were predicted of poor glycemic control and the factor analyses to identify the domains that segregated among the risk variables. RESULTS: Fasting glucose and insulin levels, TG level, VLDL-C and HOMA-IR increased significantly across HbA1c tertiles. The best marker for identification of poor glycemic control was triglycerides. The presence of cardiometabolic abnormalities did not alter the glycemic control, but HOMA-IR was significantly higher in subjects with abnormalities. CONCLUSION: The use of TG levels offers a reasonable degree of clinical utility. In morbidly obese subjects insulin resistance is associated with individual cardiometabolic factors.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o quanto os lipídios plasmáticos, o IMC e a glicemia de jejum estão associados com um bom controle glicêmico e identificar a ocorrência de variáveis do risco cardiometabólico. MÉTODO: Cento e quarenta brasileiros foram avaliados. Os pacientes foram caracterizados, de acordo com o controle glicêmico, como tendo bom controle, moderado controle e controle ruim e foram divididos em tercis de TG e HbA1c. Utilizou-se a curva ROC para determinar quais variáveis predizem um controle glicêmico inadequado e a análise fatorial para identificar os domínios que segregam as diferentes variáveis. RESULTADOS: A glicemia de jejum e os níveis de insulina, os níveis de TG, VLDL-C e HOMA-IR aumentaram significativamente de acordo com os tercis de HbA1c. O melhor marcador para identificação de indivíduos com um controle glicêmico ruim foi o triglicérides. A presença de anormalidades cardiometabólicas não alterou significativamente o controle glicêmico, mas o HOMA-IR foi significativamente maior nestes indivíduos. CONCLUSÃO: O uso dos níveis de TG oferece uma boa utilidade clínica. Em pacientes obesos mórbidos, a resistência à insulina esta associada com fatores de risco cardiometabólico.

Evaluation of lipid and lipoprotein profile in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Dyslipoproteinaemia is one of the several risk factors linked to diabetic complications. To determine the changes in lipid and lipoprotein profile in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM]. Sixty-four IDDM patients [28 males and 36 females] and 120 control subjects [35 males and 85 females] were included in this prospective study. In patients and controls, serum concentrations of glucose [fasting blood sugar [FBS]], total cholesterol [TC], high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C], low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C], triglyceride [TG], and very low density lipoprotein- cholesterol [VLDL-C] were measured. In patients with IDDM,TC [p 0.01] LDL-C TG, VLDL-C serum levels [P< 0.05] and LDL-C / HDL-C ratio [P< 0.001] were significantly higher, and serum HDL-C level [P < 0.001] was significantly lower in comparison to control subjects. In males, serum HDL-C concentration [P< 0.05] was significantly lower in IDDM patients compared to controls, whereas, no significant differences seen in TC,LDL-C, TG,VLDL-C and LDL-C /HDL-C ratio among patients and control subjects [P> 0.05]. In females, IDDM patients have significantly higher serum levels of TC,TG [P< 0.05], VLDL-C [P< 0.05], LDL-C [p 0.01] and LDL-C/ HDL-C ratio [P< 0.001], and significantly lower serum HDL-C level [P< 0.001] compared to controls. IDDM patients are at a greater risk of dyslipidemia than normal individuals, and females are more prone than males, and hence, would be more susceptible to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease [CAD]

Glomerulosclerosis; lipids and lipoproteins, a risk factor

Objective is to determine the changes in lipids and lipoproteins in patients with glomerulosclerosis and healthy controls. Department of Biochemistry Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad with the collaboration of Nephrology Unit, Ayoub Medical Complex, Abbottabad. April, 2006 February 2007. Study includes 50 subjects out of which 25 adult patients [18 males, 7 females; age range 20 50 years] with glomerulosclerosis were selected from Nephrology Unit of Ayoub Medical Complex, Abbottabad. Apparently, 25 clinically healthy volunteers of similar age, sex, body mass index [BMI], and socio economic status as that of patients were selected from various areas of Abbottabad as controls Serum triacylglycerols serum total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol levels were measured by kit method LDL cholesterol was calculated according to the Friedewald formula[17]. Serum VLDL-cholesterol as calculated according to the formula proposed by Wilson cited by Delongi[18]. The results were expressed as mean +/- standard error of mean Statistical analysis was done using student 's test. Distribution of 25 patients and 25 controls according to age is made. Male subjects with glomerulosclerosis were greater in number than female with male to female ratio of 1.85:1 Comparison of serum TGs, TC, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, and HDL-c, LDL-c ratio. The mean values of TAGs, TC, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, and ratio of HDL-c, vs. LDL-c of patients were observed significantly high [P<0.001], when compared to controls. In addition significant low values [P<0.001] of HDL-c in patients were also observed when compared to healthy controls. It is concluded that the results of this study provide evidence for raised lipids and lipoproteins levels, which is invariable feature of nephritic syndrome with glomerulosclerosis. It is suggested that the patients with nephritic glomerulosclerosis should be assessed and managed to avoid potential of accelerating the development of coronary artery disease and increasing risk of renal failure. Hopefully earlier intervention might decrease higher morbidity and mortality