Oxitocina-vasopresina: el futuro en tratamientos / Oxytocin-Vasopressin: the Future of Treatments

Las acciones de la oxitocina contemplan aspectos que incluyen la modulación de conductas destinadas al cuidado y crecimiento saludable de la descendencia. la oxitocina está relacionada con patrones sexuales y conducta maternal, actúa como neurotransmisor en el cerebro ejerciendo un papel esencial regulando el comportamiento social y afectivo. Investigaciones recientes demostraron que la oxitocina aumenta la empatía, facilita la conducta social, la confieanza hacia otros, y modifica la forma de procesamiento de las señales sociales, su codificación e interpretación, para así lograr una adecuada relación con pares. Estudios que apoyan el posible uso terapéutico de estas neurohormonas revelan datos alentadores al demostrar que mejoran la ansiedad social, que la oxitocina reduciría los síntomas psicóticos y disminuye déficit de la cognición social que no mejoran con tratamientos actuales. Por razones farmacocinéticas la vía de administración terpéutica es intranasal, lo cual aporta comodidad en su aplicación. Los trastornos psiquiátricos que se están investigando para evaluar el potencial beneficio del uso de estos neuropéptidos son esquizofrenia, trastornos del espectro autista, trastornos de ansiedad y estrés, y trastorno bordeline de la personalidad. El objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar avances en la investigación que sustentan la tuilización de estos neuropéptidos como propuesta terapéutica en psiquiatría

Oxytocin effects encompass aspects which include the modulation of behaviors intended for the care and healthy gowth of the offspring. Oxytocin is related to sexual patterns and maternal behavior and acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain, playing a key role in social and affective behavior. Recent studies have demonstrated that oxytocin increases empathy, facilitates social behavior, trust towards others, and also changes the way in which social signals are processed, as well as their coding and interpretation, thus leading to a suitable relationship with peers. Studies supporting the potential therapeutic use of these neurohormones reveal encouraging data by demonstrating that these imporve social anxiety, that oxyctocin might reduce psychotic symptoms and social cognitive deficit that do not imporve with the treatments aviable. For pharmacokinetics reasons, the route of administration of oxytocin is intranasal, which makes its application more comfortable. The psychiatric disorders which disorders that are currently being investigated to assess the potential benefit of oxytocin are schizophrenia, autistic spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders and stress, and bordeline personality disorder. The purpose of this review is to provide an updante on the investigations that justify the use of these neuropeptide as therapeutic treatment

Reducing creatine kinase-MB levels following oxytocin administration during ischemia-reperfusion periods in isolated rat heart

Creatine kinase is a cardiac biomarker that is used for the assessment of ischemic injuries and myocardial infarction. The present study was designed to evaluate effects of oxytocin administration during ischemia and reperfusion periods on CK-MB levels in the coronary effluent of isolated rat heart and the possible role of oxytocin receptor, nitric oxide [NO], prostacyclin and mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels in this regard. Male wistar rats [n=8] were anesthetized with sodium thiopental and their hearts were transferred to a Langendorff perfusion apparatus. All animals were randomly divided into nine groups as follow; in the ischemia-reperfusion group, hearts underwent 30 min of regional ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. In oxytocin group, hearts were perfused with oxytocin 5 min after ischemia induction for 25 min. In other groups, 35 min prior to oxytocin perfusion, atosiban [a non-specific oxytocin receptor blocker], L-NAME [an NO synthase inhibitor], indomethacin [a non-specific cyclooxygenase blocker] and 5-HD [a specific mKATP channel blocker] were perfused for 10 min. In all groups, we measured CK-MB levels in the coronary effluent at the end of reperfusion. Moreover, coronary flow [mL/min] was measured at baseline, during ischemia period and 60 and 120 min after reperfusion. Oxytocin administration significantly reduced CK-MB level in oxytocin group as compared to ischemia-reperfusion group. Administration of atosiban, L-NAME, indomethacin and 5-HD prior to oxytocin perfusion abolished the effects of oxytocin on CK-MB levels. Administration of oxytocin during ischemia and reperfusion periods deceased CK-MB levels but infusion of atosiban, L-NAME, 5-HD and indomethacin inhibited oxytocin from exerting its effects

Effects of Abdominal Breathing on State Anxiety, Stress, and Tocolytic Dosage for Pregnant Women in Preterm Labor

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of abdominal breathing on state anxiety, stress and tocolytic dosage for pregnant women in preterm labor. METHODS: The participants were 60 pregnant women in preterm labor who were hospitalized from April to July, 2009. Thirty participants were assigned to the experimental group and 30 to the control group. None of them had any other complications except preterm labor. The modified Mason's breathing technique was used with the experimental group 3 times a day for 3 days. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire and chart review, and analyzed with the SPSS 13.0 WIN program. RESULTS: "State anxiety of the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group" was supported. "Stress of the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group" was supported. "The Ritodrine dosage for the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group" was supported. "The Atosiban dosage for the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group" was supported. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that abdominal breathing is an effective nursing intervention for pregnant women in preterm labor.

Randomized controlled study comparing nifedipine and atosiban for tocolysis in preterm labor

To compare the effectiveness and the safety of Nifedipine versus Atosiban as a tocolytic agent in preterm labor. This prospective randomized comparative study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antenatal Ward of King Khalid Military City Hospital [KKMCH], Northern Region, Saudi Arabia. It included eighty pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor at 24 -33 gestational weeks and requiring tocolysis. They were randomized to receive Nifedipine orally [n=40] or Atosiban intravenously [n=40] for tocolysis. The primary outcome measure [examining the tocolytic effectiveness] was the proportion of women undelivered by 48 hours and 7 days from the commencement of treatment. Secondary outcome measure [examining the tocolytic safety] was perinatal morbidity and mortality, and maternal safety outcomes. Delivery was delayed for 48h and seven days in 87.5% and 72.5% respectively, of women in the nifedipine group compared with 85% and 75% respectively, of women in the Atosiban group [no statistical significant difference]. Women receiving Nifedipine were significantly more likely to experience flushing [p < 0.001] with no significant differences in other maternal side effects between the two groups. The neonatal outcomes were not significantly different in the two groups. Nifedipine was as effective as Atosiban in delaying preterm birth. Both tocolytic agents were found to be well tolerated by both mother and fetus with a comparable neonatal outcome. Considering the great saving on direct drug costs in the Nifedipine group, Nifedipine may be considered for use as a first-line tocolytic agent

Angiotensin-(1-7) increases osmotic water permeability in isolated toad skin

Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) increased osmotic water permeability in the isolated toad skin, a tissue with functional properties similar to those of the distal mammalian nephron. Concentrations of 0.1 to 10 ÁM were effective, with a peak at 20 min. This effect was similar in magnitude to that of frog skin angiotensin II (Ang II) and oxytocin but lower than that of human Ang II and arginine-vasotocin. The AT2 angiotensin receptor antagonist PD 123319 (1.0 ÁM) fully inhibited the response to 0.1 ÁM Ang-(1-7) but had no effect on the response to Ang II at the same concentration. The specific receptor antagonist of Ang-(1-7), A-779, was ineffective in blocking the response to Ang-(1-7) and to frog skin Ang II. The AT1 receptor subtype antagonist losartan, which blocked the response to frog skin Ang II, was ineffective in blocking the response to Ang-(1-7). The present results support the view of an antidiuretic action of Ang-(1-7) in the mammalian nephron

Effect of Arginine Vasotocin on the Rabbit Renal Function / 대한신장학회잡지

Arginine vasotocin has long been known as an antidiuretic hormone in non-mammalian vertebrates. The peptide has also been found in mammalian tissues. The physiological significance of the peptide, however, has not yet been clarified in mammals. To define the effect of arginine vasotocin on the water and electrolyte balance in mammalian vertebrates, experiments have been done. Intrarenal arterial infusion of arginine vasotocin, 0.01-10ng/kg/min resulted in dose-dependent decreases in urine volume and free water clearance and an increase in urinary osmolarity. Arginine vasotocin, in a dose of 0.03ng/kg/min, induced an increase in water reabsorption without changes in glomerular filtration rate. Intrarenal infusion of arginine vasotocin in doses ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 or 10.0ng/kg/min resulted in decreases in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. However, no dose dependence were observed. Intrarenal infusion of arginine vasotocin from 0.3 to 10 ng/kg/min induced dose-dependent natriuretic and kaliuretic effects with concomitant suppression of renin secretion. The renal effects of arginine vasotocin were blocked by arginine vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist [d(CH2)5, D-Phe2, Ile4, Ala9-NH2]-vasopressin but were not blocked by[d(CH2)5, D-Ile2, Ile4, Arg8]- vaso pression. These data suggest that the effect of arginine vasotocin on the renal function are similar to that of vasopressin in mammalian vertebrates. The data also suggest that the renal effects of arginine vasotocin may be coupled to the receptor system which is similar, if not identical, to that of arginine vasopressin.

El Losartan inhibe el efecto de la hormona antidiurética en un modelo funcional de nefrón distal / Losartan inhibits the effect of antidiuretic hormone in a functional model of distal nephron

ANTECEDENTES: En un trabajo previo se demostró que un antagonista peptídico de la hormona antidiurética era capaz de bloquear el efecto de la angiotensina II en la permeabilidad al agua en presencia de un gradiente osmótico en la piel aislada del sapo, tejido con propiedades funcionales similares a las del nefrón de los mamíferos. En el presente trabajo se estudió el efecto de un antagonista de los receptores AT1 de la angiotensina II (Losartan) en la respuesta de la piel y vejiga aislada del sapo a la hormona antidiurética. MATERIAL Y METODO: La permeabilidad al agua en presencia de un gradiente osmótico fue medida por un método gravimétrico usando mitades simétricas de la piel ventral pélvica del sapo (Bufo arenarum). Después de mediciones controles se agregó Losartan al lado dérmico de una mitad, 10 minutos antes de una dosis de arginina vasotocina, la hormona antidiurética normalmente existente en los anfibios. Experimentos similares fueron realizados con vejigas urinarias usando una mitad como control y la otra como experimental. RESULTADOS: El Losartan no modificó la permeabilidad al agua en presencia de un gradiente osmótico basal en piel aislada de sapo pero inhibió significativamente la respuesta a la arginina vasotocina (10 menos 9M) en un 70,1 por ciento en concentraciones de 10 menos 5M, en 42,9 por ciento (10 menos 6M) y en 63,7 por ciento (10 menos 7M). El Losartan (10 menos 5M) no modificó en cambio la respuesta a la arginina vasotocina (10 menos 10M) en vejiga aislada de sapo. CONCLUSIONES: En la piel del sapo existiría un nuevo tipo de receptor común para la angiotensina II y la hormona antidiurética que difiere del receptor existente en la vejiga urinaria (V2), el cual sería exclusivo para la hormona antidiurética