Produção de mudas de vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L. ) Roberty) com uso de diferentes substratos / Production of vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L. ) Roberty) plantlets using different substrates

O vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) é uma planta medicinal e aromática originária da Ásia Tropical. O primeiro passo nos estudos agronômicos de uma espécie é a produção de mudas de boa qualidade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar doses de calcário dolomítico e de fertilizante formulado em diferentes substratos para a produção de mudas de vetiver. No primeiro ensaio testaram-se dois substratos (pó de coco e pó de coco + areia - 3:1), três doses de NPK 3-12-6 (12, 16 e 20 g dm-3) e três dosagens de calcário dolomítico (1, 2 e 4 g dm-3) na produção de mudas do acesso UFS-VET001. No segundo ensaio testou-se o substrato pó de coco (lavado e não lavado), duas doses de NPK 3-12-6 (12 e 24 g dm-3) e dois acessos de vetiver (UFS-VET001 e UFS-VET003). As variáveis avaliadas foram sobrevivência (%), altura de planta (cm), massa seca (g) de lamina foliar e raiz por planta. Para a produção de mudas do acesso UFS-VET001 e UFS-VET003 de vetiver pode-se usar o substrato pó de coco lavado + 12 g dm-3 de NPK 3-12-6 e 1 g dm-3 de calcário dolomítico.

Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) is a medicinal and aromatic plant origined from Tropical Asia. The first step of agronomic studies of a species is the production of high quality seedlings or plantlets. The aim of this work was to evaluate doses of limestone and formulated fertilizer in different substrates for the production of vetiver plantlets. In the first experiment we tested three limestone doses (1, 2 and 4 g dm-3), three NPK 3-12-6 doses (12, 16 and 20 g dm-3) and two substrates (coconut dust and coconut dust + sand - 3:1) for production of de plantlets of accession UFS-VET001. At the second essay we the tested the substrate coconut dust (washed and not washed), two NPK 3-12-6 doses (12 and 24 g dm-3) and two vetiver accessions (UFS-VET001 e UFS-VET003). The evaluated variables were survival (%), plant height (cm), dry weight (g) of leaves and roots, and number of tillers per plant. For production of plantlets of vetiver accessions UFS-VET001 and UFS-VET003 we can use the substrate coconut dust + 12 g dm-3 of NPK 3-12-6 and 1 g dm-3 of limestone.

Conservação in vitro de acessos de vetiver / In vitro conservation of vetiver accessions

O vetiver [Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty] é um capim perene pertencente à família Poaceae, cujo óleo essencial extraído das raízes é utilizado amplamente na produção de perfumes. A manutenção de coleções in vitro tem sido considerada como um método alternativo à conservação de germoplasma especialmente para espécies propagadas vegetativamente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar diferentes meios de cultura e duas condições de temperatura (18° e 25° C) em acessos de vetiver para a obtenção de um protocolo da conservação in vitro sob crescimento lento. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, e foram testados o inibidor de crescimento ABA e diferentes concentrações de sais MS, em três acessos de vetiver (UFS-VET001, UFS-VET002 e UFS-VET003). Os três acessos de vetiver podem ser conservados sob o regime de crescimento lento por um período de 270 dias reduzindo-se a concentração dos sais MS a 25% de sua concentração normal, na temperatura de 18°C.

Vetiver [Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty] is a perennial grass of the Poaceae family which essential oil extracted from the roots is widely used in the perfume industry. In vitro maintenance of collections has been considered as an alternative method for germplasm conservation, especially for species propagated vegetatively. The aim of this work was to evaluate different medium cultures and two temperatures (18º and 25ºC) on vetiver accessions to establish a protocol for in vitro conservation, using the slow growth technique. The essays were conducted in a completely randomized design, and we tested the growth inhibitor ABA and different concentrations of MS salts on three vetiver accessions (UFS-VET001, UFS-VET002 and UFS-VET003). All the three vetiver accessions can be conserved by the slow growth technique for 270 days decreasing the MS salts in the medium to 25% strength and using the temperature of 18ºC.

Mitochondrial modulation as a potential mechanism of Vetiveria zizanioides root extract against liver damage in mice

The relationship between the expression of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels and the protective effects of methanolic extract of Vetiveria zizanioides Linn. Root against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage was investigated. Pretreatment of mice with Vetiveria zizanioides Linn. Root extract [300 and 500 mg/kg] significantly blocked the carbon tetrachloride-induced increase in both serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum alanine aminotransferase levels. The mitochondrial membrane potential was dropped from -188.0 +/- 2.5 mV to -156.8 +/- 3.0 mV [P < 0.01] after the mice had been treated with carbon tetrachloride. Pretreatment with methanolic extract of Vetiveria zizanioides Linn. Root [300 and 500 mg/kg] attenuated carbon tetrachloride -induced mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation [P< 0.05]. In addition, pretreatment of Vetiveria zizanioides Linn. Root extract at various concentrations exerted a dose-dependent effect against sensitivity to mitochondrial swelling induced by Calcium. Also, 500 mg/kg dose of extract significantly increased both transcription and translation of voltage-dependent anion channels, which was down-regulated by carbon tetrachloride treatment. The above data suggest that Vetiveria zizanioides Linn. Root extract mitigates the damage to liver mitochondria induced by carbon tetrachloride, possibly through the regulation of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels, one of the most important proteins in the mitochondrial outer membrane

Antioxidant potential of the root of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash.

Vetiveria zizanioides, an aromatic plant commonly known as vetiver has been used for various ailments. The essential oil of vetiver root has been shown to possess antioxidant activity. However, antioxidant potential of spent root extract has not been reported. Hence, in the present study, ferric reducing, free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of two genotypes namely KS1 and gulabi of V. zizanioides L. Nash root were investigated using in vitro assays - the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reducing power (RP). KS1 genotype showed higher FRAP values, DPPH inhibition, TPC and RP potential compared to gulabi and the antioxidant activity increased with the concentration of the extract (10-1000 microg/mL). A significant protective effect of cv KS1 (100 microg/mL) extract was also observed in reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations of erythrocytes subjected to oxidative stress by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and hydrogen peroxide (H202). The cv KS1 showed better antioxidant activity, compared to cv gulabi indicating the possibility of exploring the presence of different phytoconstituents in the two varieties.

EDTA enhances lead uptake and facilitates phytoremediation by vetiver grass.

Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) has strong and dense root system and is a potential phytoremediator plant since it can tolerate a wide range of climatic conditions and grow well in soils contaminated with heavy metals. Soil was artificially contaminated by lead (20 mgl(-1)) during field trials. Four concentration of EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid-disodium salt) solution i.e. 0, 3, 5 and 10 mmol kg(-1) were added to soil prior to harvesting, to study the influence of EDTA solution on phytostabilization by vetiver grass. Results showed that the concentration of lead in roots of vetiver is significantly increased after EDTA solution (5 mmol kg(-1)) application. However, high concentration of EDTA (10 mmol kg(-1)) does not show such significant increase. The toxicity of highly contaminating metal did not affect the growth of vetiver grass significantly but a slight decrease in parameters studied was noticed. No stress symptoms were observed in vetiver plants. Results of present study reveal that vetiver could be considered as a potential phytoremediator for lead contamninated site.

An examination of the use of "Vetiver grass" to prevent erosion in Yusufeli region (Coruh Watershed area-Turkey): a case study.

The goal of this study is to explore opportunities for plantation at Coruh Watershed area, where severe erosion has been observed, using "Vetiver grass" which has proven successful in preventing erosion in South America and in other countries. A site on the banks of the Cakaloğlu stream located in the borders Yusufeli settlement is chosen as a study area and four experimental sites were been determined considering altitude (700-750 m., 750-800 m.), direction faced by the sites; facing South and facing North-East and slope (%53, %60). At these experimental sites, eight parcels have been formed, one being control and the rest being experimental. Soil patterns taken from two different depth levels; 0-30 cm. and 30-60 cm. and Vetiver grass being tested at these parcels have been used as material. The lengths of stem and root and vegetation coverage of the plants at the sample parcels have been measured and the shoot numbers have been counted. Analysis for soil patterns, soil texture, pH, dispersion ratio and erosion have been done on specimens of soil taken from the sample sites. Using the obtained data, observations and the results of tha analysis of variance (ANOVA), it has been concluded that "Vetiver grass" can be used at the steep slopes of arid regions where erosion is severe to prevent erosion due to the fact that it has proven successful in holding the soil.