Effect of Zearalenone administrated at late gestation days on fertility of the F-1 offspring in Swiss webster (Mus musculus) / Efecto de la Zearalenona administrada los días finales de gestación sobre la fertilidad de las crías F-1 en ratones Swiss Webster (Mus musculus)

Zearalenonesolution was given to dams micesubcutaneouslyat a dose of30 mg/kg body weightat the age ofpregnancy 13 to 18 days.Control micewere given only sesameoil. Furthermore, damsmice were allowed todeliver their litter and pups were weanedon 21 days of age. The live birth index andviability of the F-1 offspring were recorded. Determination of fertility of the F-1 offspring were undertaken by mating interlitters. On days 18 of gestation, the F-1 offspring were killed by cervical dislocation. The observation was performed on the number of live or dead fetus, embryo resorption, the number of implantation and the percentage of gestation loss. The result revealed that administration of zearalenone on days 13 to 18 of gestation caused a significant decreasein the number of implantation as the result of mating between control male with treated female and treated male with tretaed female of the F-1 offspring. It could be concluded that in the F-1 offspring, zearalenone interfered the process of ovarian develoment, stimulated the differentation of the uterus, decreased the fertility of the female and the effect of zearalenon was more persistent in the female than in the male...

Se administró una solución subcutánea de zearalenona en una dosis de 30 mg/kg de peso corporal en ratonas preñadas entre 13 a 18 días de gestación. Los ratones control recibieron sólo aceite de sésamo. Además, a las ratonas preñadas se les permitió amamantar a sus crías para ser destetadas a los 21 días de edad. El índice de nacidos vivos y viabilidad de la descendencia F-1 fuer registrado. La determinación de la fertilidad de la descendencia F-1 se llevó a cabo por apareamiento intercrías. El día 18 de gestación, la descendencia F-1 se sacrificó por dislocación cervical. Se observó el número de fetos vivos y muertos, reabsorción del embrión, número de implantaciones y porcentaje de pérdida de gestación. El resultado reveló que la administración de la zearalenona entre los días 13-18 de gestación causó un significativo descenso en el número de implantaciones, como resultado del apareamiento entre machos controles con hembras tratadas y machos tratados con hembras tratadas (F-1 crías). Se puede concluir que en la descendencia F-1, la zearalenona interfiere en el proceso de desarrollo ovárico, estimulado la diferenciación del útero, disminuyendo la fertilidad de la hembra; además el efecto del zearalenon fue más persistente en la hembra que en el macho...

Hepatic hyperplasia and damages induces by zearalenone Fusarium mycotoxins in BALB/c mice / Hiperplasia e danos hepáticos induzidos por micotoxinas do gênero Fusarium-zearalenone em camundongos BAB/c

CONTEXT: Zearalenone is a mycoestrogen and considered a mycotoxin. OBJECTIVE: To establish whether zearalenone produced hepatotoxicity via oral administration. METHODS: Zearalenone was orally administered at a dose of 50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg ZEN/body weight/daily, respectively, for 14 days to three groups of BALB/c mice. Diagnostic modalities used to evaluate hepatic damage and impaired hepatic function pre- and post zearalenone administration included hepatic marker enzyme activity, pentobarbital sleeping time, cytochrome P-450 activities and histopathologic evaluation of liver. RESULTS: Significant histopathologic changes viz. sinusoidal congestion, cytoplasmic vacuolization, hepatocellular necrosis and neutrophil infiltration were observed after evaluating of liver section from each group after accumulated zearalenone exposure. Further, zearalenone exposure increased activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and lipid peroxides whereas activities of tissue glutathione and cytochrome P450 were decreased as compared to control mice. Zearalenone also increased the sleeping time and decreased sleeping latency after pentobarbital through intraperitoneal route as compared to control mice which indicates that the impairment of hepatic metabolizing enzymes by zearalenone. CONCLUSION: Zearalenone is a potential hepatotoxin by oral route.

CONTEXTO: Zearalenone é um micoestrógeno e considerado como micotoxina. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o Zearalenone produz hepatotoxicidade por administração via oral. MÉTODOS: Zearalenone foi administrada por via oral em doses de 50 µg, 100 µg e 200 µg/peso corporal/dia/14 dias, respectivamente, para três grupos de camundongos BAB/C. Modalidades diagnósticas usadas para avaliar o dano hepático e comprometimento da função hepática pré- e pós-administração de Zearalenone incluíram atividade enzimática de marcadores hepáticos, tempo de sono por pentobarbital, atividade do citocromo P-450 e avaliação histopatológica hepática. RESULTADOS: Alterações histopatológicas significantes como congestão sinusoidal, vacuolização citoplasmática, necrose hepatocelular e infiltração neutrofílica foram observadas após avaliação histológica de cada grupo após exposição acumulada de Zearalenone. Além disto, a exposição à Zearalenone incrementou a atividade das enzimas alanina transaminase e aspartato transaminase e peróxidos lipídicos, ao passo que as atividades teciduais de glutationa e citocromo P-450 diminuiram, quando comparadas com camundongos-controle. Zearalenone também aumentou o tempo de sono e diminuiu a latência do sono após a administração de pentobarbital por via intra-abdominal, quando comparados com camundongos-controle, o que indica o comprometimento das enzimas do metabolismo hepático por ela. CONCLUSÃO: Zearalenone é uma potente hepatotoxina quando administrada por via oral.

The combination of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone at permitted feed concentrations causes serious physiological effects in young pigs

This study was to investigate the effects of the combination of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) on pigs. Twenty-four weaning piglets were divided into a control group fed a diet free of mycotoxins and a toxin group fed a diet containing 1 mg/kg DON and 250 microgram/kg ZON. The results showed that supplementation of DON and ZON in diets had extensive effects on pigs. More specifically, DON and ZON caused levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin in sera to decrease (p < 0.05) by 14.5%, 6.5% and 11.3%, respectively, and at the same time increased (p < 0.05) the serum enzyme activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase by 72.0%, 32.6% and 36.6%, respectively. In addition, DON and ZON decreased (p < 0.05) the level of anticlassical swine fever antibody titers by 14.8%. Real-time PCR showed that DON and ZON caused the mRNA expression levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, to decrease (p < 0.05) by 36.0%, 29.0% and 35.4%, respectively. Histopathological studies demonstrated that DON and ZON caused abnormalities in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, uterus, and kidney. The concentrations of DON and ZON used in this study are in line with the published critical values permitted by BML. Our study clearly put the standard and adequacy of safety measures for these toxins into question. The authors suggest that with the increasing availability of cellular and molecular technologies, it is time to revisit the safety standards for toxins in feeds so as to make feeds safer, providing consumers with safer products.

Método rápiro y económico para detectar aflatoxinas y zearalenona en alimentos para animales / Rapid and economic metod to detect aflatoxins and zeralenone in animal feed

Resumo: Se ha dearrollado un método cuantitativo (A-Z) para determinas Aflatoxina B1 y Zearalenona en mezclas de alimntos destinados al consumo animal. También puede ser usado para cuantificar Aflatoxinas B2, G1 y G2, y puede ser aplicado a maíz. El método, rápido, acuosa de metanol, bipartición con cloroformo y cuantificación visual por cromotografía en capa delgada (TLC). No requiere complicadas etapas de perificación y permite eliminar interferencias empleando una TLC bidimensional, siendo apropriado para laboratorios pequenos, sin equipamento sofisticado. Detecta 1-2ug/Kg de Aflatoxina B1 y 25ug/Kg de Zearalenona. La validez de la técnica ha sido demonstrada por comparación con el método CB de 1a A.O.A.C. de determinación de Aflatoxinas en maíz y con el método oficial de la A.O.A.C. para Zearelenona en maíz (au)