Estudo da associação de micronutrientes ( zinco, cobre e ferro) na infecção, e ou progressão para leishmaniose tegumentar em duas comunidades rurais do Estado da Bahia / Study of micronutrients Association (zinc, copper and iron) in infection and or progression to cutaneous leishmaniasis in two rural communities in the state of Bahia

A leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) é um problema de saúde pública nas Américas, não somente por sua alta incidência e ampla distribuição geográfica, mas também, pela possibilidade de produzir úlceras persistentes e desfigurantes. É endêmica no Brasil, ocorrendo em ambientes florestais e extraflorestais. A detecção de áreas de alto risco para a infecção humana pode auxiliar na implementação de estratégias de controle mais eficientes nas áreas endêmicas rurais. Objetivos: descrever as características epidemiológicas, prevalência da infecção por Leishmania ssp nas populações do povoado de São Gonçalo/Contendas do Sinçorá - Bahia e no Distritode Florestal/Município de Jequié, Bahia, correlacionando os fatores de risco estabelecidos na literatura com os diferentes grupos estudados (indivíduos infectados, não infectados, e doentes) e avaliar a influencia da desnutrição na infecção e ou progressão para a doença, para isso, foram avaliados parâmetros bioquímicos como dosagem de fosfatase alcalina e ferritina, além dos níveis de metais Zn, Cu e Fe no plasma dos indivíduos.Material e Métodos - desenvolveu-se um estudo de corte transversal, através de inquérito epidemiológico, e imunoalérgico (exames intradermorreação de Montenegro/IDRM, e sorológico/ELISA). Foram cadastradas 36 famílias (170 indivíduos) de São Gonçalo e 129 famílias (480 indivíduos) de Florestal...

The cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a public health problem in the Americas, not only for its high incidence and wide geographical distribution, but also by the possibility of establishing persistent and disfiguring ulcers. It is endemic in Brazil, occurring in forest and around environments. The detection of high-risk areas for human infection may assist in implementing strategies for more efficient control in rural endemic areas. Objectives -.This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics, prevalence of Leishmania spp, infection in populations of São Gonçalo a rural communities/Contendas do Sincorá - Bahia and Florestal (District/Jequié, Bahia), correlating risk factors established in the literature with different groups studied (infected individuals not infected, and patients) and assess the influence of malnutrition on infection and progression for disease, for that biochemical parameters will be evaluated as measure alkaline phosphatase and ferritin, beyond the levels of metals Zn, Cu and Fe in the plasma of subjects. Materials and Metholds.- We developed a cross-sectional study through epidemiologic and immunological investigation (Montenegro skin tests/MST, and serological/ELISA). 36 families (170 individuals) of São Gonçalo and 129 families (480 individuals) were registered in Florestal District...

Zinc y desnutrición / Zinc and undernutrition

Son cuatro los nutrientes en que su deficiencia es importante en niños: hierro, yodo, vitamina A y zinc. Más o menos se calcula que hay 2 billones de personas en el mundo con algún grado de déficit de zinc. Los pacientes que están en riesgo de presentar deficiencias de zinc son los recién nacidos con bajo peso al nacimiento, bien sea prematuros, desnutridos in útero o hijos de madres desnutridas, en los cuales sus depósitos están reducidos. A diferencia de otros oligoelementos o micronutrientes, determinar el estado de déficit no es fácil. Los niveles séricos de zinc, están influenciados por factores no dietarios como infección, estrés o actividad física extenuante; al igual que por el ciclo circadiano.

Four nutrient deficiency that is important in children, iron, iodine, vitamin A and zinc. More or less it is estimated that 2 billion people in the world with some degree of zinc deficiency. Patients who are at risk for zinc deficiency are infants with low birth weight, either premature or malnourished in utero, undernourished mothers, in which their deposits are reduced. Unlike other trace elements or micronutrients, determine the deficit is not easy. Serum levels of zinc are not influenced by dietary factors such as infection, stress or strenuous physical activity, as well as by the circadian cycle.

Zinc en la infancia: rompiendo paradigmas / Zinc in childhood: breaking paradigms

El zinc es un ejemplo de un micronutriente esencial, cuya deficiencia juega un papelimportante en la comprensión de las altas tasas de mortalidad y morbilidad infantil en países en desarrollo. Tanto la deficiencia intermedia de zinc como de vitamina A, pueden pasar inadvertidas clínicamente. Con respecto a la inmunidad, el zinc es fundamental para las funciones de tejidos de alto recambio, especialmente en el sistema inmunitario, y su deficiencia se asocia a alteraciones de la inmunidad innata, la inmunidad humoral y la inmunidad celular. Existe evidencia que avala la s u p l eme n t a c i o n d e z i n c d u r a n t e e inmediatamente después de un episodio de diarrea aguda, con lo que se disminuye su tiempo de duración y la gravedad, con reducción en la incidencia de diarrea en los dos o tres meses siguientes.Aun no se conoce exactamente cuál es el mecanismo que explique por qué se encuentra limitada la proliferación celular ante la deficiencia de zinc.

Zinc is an example of an essential micronutrient whose deficiency plays an important role in understanding the high rates of infant mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Both intermediate zinc deficiency and vitamin A, may go unnoticed clinically.With respect to immunity, zinc is essential for the functions of tissues of high turnover, especially in the immune system, and its deficiency is associated with alterations of innate immunity, humoral immunity and cellular immunity. There is evidence supporting zinc supplementation during and immediately after an episode of acute diarrhea, which shortens their duration and severity, with a reduction in the incidence of diarrhea in the two or three months. Still not known exactly what the mechanism that explains why it is limited to cell proliferation in zinc deficiency.

study on serum level of zinc in heamodialysis patients

Zinc is one of the important elements necessary for human growth. CNS utilizes zinc for its biological functions. Zinc is one of the important cofactors of many enzymes in the body and about 200 enzymes contain zinc as their integral part of their structure. If for any reason zinc is omitted from the enzyme structure, those enzymes can not catalyze any biological functions. The fluctuation of this trace element in the body is clinically important. The concentration change of this trace element can lead to some overt and unrecognized manifestations in haemodialysis patients. This study is to determine the possible fluctuation of serum level of zinc in haemodialysis patients before and after dialysis, to explain the differences in concentration of such trace element in these patients. This study is a comparative and nonexperimental study which was carried out on 50 haemodialysis patients chosen randomly from the patients referred to the department of haemodialysis in 5[th] Azar hospital in Gorgan university of medical sciences. The concentration of urea, creatinine, zinc of these patients were determined using laboratory kits and spectrophotometry tchnique before and after the dialysis. The findings were analyzed by wilkacson non parameter analytical method. Results of this study indicated that the average concenteration of zinc in haemodialysis patients after dialysis was 135.32 +/- 59.32 microgram / deciliter which markedly increased in comparison to the serum concentration of this trace element before the dialysis which was 78.38 +/- 37.46 microgram / deciliter [p < 0.05]. Uremia, dialysis membrane, contaminations, heavy metals, and the quality of consumed water in the dialysis procedure, all can pave the way for the abnormality of trace element and clinical manifestation in haemodialysis patients. The trace element variation concentrations in human body clinically are very important because the decrease and increase in level of each trace element has its own clinical manifestation. The increased concentration of this trace element leads to toxification accompanied with clinical syndromes such as diarrhea and vomiting. Therefore, it is suggested that before the process of dialysis the level of released zinc from the different part of dialysis machine [such as pipeline, consumed water and dialysis membrane] be determined and on the basis of such information the level of zinc in haemodialysis patients can be replaced by proper nutrition

Papel del zinc en la nutrición / Paper of zinc in the nutrition

El conocimiento acerca del metabolismo del zinc y de su participación bioquímica en diversas funciones fisiológicas, han permitido explicar de este nutrimiento; es así como surge la necesidad de proteger a los grupos de población más vulnerables, empleando en la dieta alimentos que contienen este elemento. En el presente informe se abordan estos temas