Hidatidosis mesentérica y hepática en la costa caribe colombiana. Reporte de caso / Mesenteric and hepatic hydatid disease on the Colombian Caribbean coast. Case report

Introducción. La hidatidosis o equinococosis es una zoonosis parasitaria que se adquiere al ingerir huevos de cestodos del género Echinococcus. El diagnóstico clínico raramente se hace en sitios no endémicos. La mayoría de los pacientes se encuentran asintomáticos y los hallazgos incidentales en los estudios de imágenes o en procedimientos quirúrgicos permiten la sospecha diagnóstica. Caso clínico. Paciente masculino de 70 años, residente en área rural del municipio de Puerto Libertador, departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, quien consultó por masa abdominal en epigastrio y mesogastrio, parcialmente móvil e indolora. Resultados. En cirugía se identificaron lesiones quísticas mesentérica y hepática. Después de la cirugía y mediante estudios de inmunohistoquímica, se confirmó el diagnóstico de quiste hidatídico. El paciente tuvo una evolución satisfactoria. Conclusión. La hidatidosis quística mesentérica y hepática sintomática es una enfermedad rara en sitios no endémicos, donde la cirugía constituye un pilar fundamental en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, sumado al manejo médico farmacológico.

Introduction. Hydatidosis or echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonosis that is acquired by ingesting eggs of cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. Clinical diagnosis is rarely made in non-endemic sites. Most patients are asymptomatic and incidental findings on imaging studies or surgical procedures allow for diagnostic suspicion. Clinical case. A 70-year-old male patient, resident in a rural area of the municipality of Puerto Libertador, department of Córdoba, Colombia, who consulted for an abdominal mass in the epigastrium and mesogastrium, partially mobile and painless. Results. In surgery, mesenteric and hepatic cystic lesions were identified. After surgery and through immunohistochemistry studies, the diagnosis of hydatid cyst was confirmed. The patient had a satisfactory evolution. Conclusion. Symptomatic mesenteric and hepatic cystic hydatidosis is a rare disease in non-endemic sites, where surgery constitutes a fundamental pillar in the diagnosis and treatment in addition to pharmacological medical management.

Constelação completa dos genótipos de cepas raras de rotavírus G12P[9] e G12P[6] detectadas no Brasil de 2011-2020 / Complete constellation of genotypes of rare rotavirus strains G12P[9] and G12P[6] detected in Brazil from 2011-2020

Cepas atípicas de RVA isoladas de humanos e animais compartilham características genéticas e antigênicas, sugerindo fortemente uma transmissão interespécie. O G12 é, atualmente, reconhecido como um genótipo emergente globalmente. Neste estudo, foram caracterizados os genomas de três espécies raras G12P[9] (RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R870/2013/G12P[9], RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R1151/2012/G12P[9] e RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL R566/2011/G12P[9]) e quatro G12P[6] (RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R86/2011/G12P[6], RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R465/2019/G12P[6], RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R52/2020/G12P[6] e RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R95/2020/G12P[6]) detectadas em amostras de fezes de pacientes com gastroenterite aguda no Brasil durante a Vigilância Nacional de Rotavírus realizada de 2011 a 2020. As cepas foram submetidas a RT-PCR convencional para os 11 segmentos seguido do sequenciamento de Sanger e análise filogenética. Todas as cepas G12P[9] exibiram uma constelação genética AU-1-like (G12-P[9]-I3-R3-C3-M3-A3-N3-T3-E3-H6), enquanto as cepas G12P[6] mostraram a típica DS-1-like (G12-P[6]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2). A partir do estudo filogenético, as cepas brasileiras IAL G12P[6] DS-1-like mostram ancestralidade genética africana e rearranjos com cepas americanas co-circulantes, sem evidências de transmissão zoonótica recente. Em relação às cepas brasileiras IAL G12P[9], estas evidenciam ancestralidade genética asiática e observa-se a evidência de transmissão interespecífica entre cepas humanas G12P[9] AU-1-like e cepas felinas/caninas...(AU)

Atypical RVA strains isolated from humans and animals share genetic and antigenic features, strongly suggesting an interspecies transmission. G12 type are currently recognized as a globally emerging genotype. In this study, were characterized the complete genomes of three rare G12P[9] (RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R870/2013/G12P[9], RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R1151/2012/G12P[9] and RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R566/2011/G12P[9]) and four G12P[6] (RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R86/2011/G12P[6], RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R465/2019/G12P[6], RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R52/2020/G12P[6] and RVA/Human-wt/BRA/IAL-R95/2020/G12P[6]) strains detected in stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis in Brazil during National Brazilian Rotavirus surveillance conducted from 2011 to 2020. The RVA strains were submitted to conventional RT-PCR targeting the 11 gene segments followed by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. All G12P[9] strains displayed an AU-like genetic backbone constellation (G12-P[9]-I3-R3-C3-M3-A3-N3-T3-E3-H6), while G12P[6] strains showed the typical DS-1-like genetic backbone (G12-P[6]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2). From the phylogenetic study, the Brazilian IAL G12P[6] DS-1-like strains show African genetic ancestry and rearrangements with co-circulating American strains belonging to the DS-1-like constellation, without evidence of recent zoonotic transmission. On other hand, the Brazilian IAL G12P[9] strains show Asian genetic...(AU)

Primer aislamiento de Sporothrix brasiliensis en un caso humano de esporotricosis en Chile. Un hongo emergente y preocupante / First isolation of Sporothrix brasiliensis in a human case of sporotrichosis in Chile. An emerging and worrisome fungus

Se describe el aislamiento de Sporothrix brasiliensis desde una biopsia de piel de un caso humano de esporotricosis linfocutánea, en la región de Valparaíso, Chile. Esta especie es la más virulenta del género y es de transmisión zoonótica, desde los gatos a los humanos. Hasta ahora, solo se había publicado un brote por esta especie en gatos domésticos y asilvestrados en el extremo sur de Chile, por lo que este aislamiento, en una mujer residente de un sector densamente poblado de la Región de Valparaíso, constituye una preocupación por su eventual diseminación hacia otros gatos y la población general.

The isolation of Sporothrix brasiliensis from a skin biopsy of a human case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in the region of Valparaíso, Chile is described. This species is the most virulent of the genus and is zoonotic in transmission from cats to humans. Until now, only one outbreak of this species has been published in domestic and feral cats in the extreme south of Chile, so this isolation in a woman residing in a densely populated sector of the fifth region is a concern for its eventual spread to other cats and the general population.

Triquinosis: el impacto sanitario de una patología emergente / Trichinosis: the health impact of an emerging pathology

La triquinosis es una zoonosis que afecta a los animales y al hombre, y es ocasionada por la ingestión de la larva Trichinella spiralis que habita en el músculo de los animales hospedadores y, tras ser ingerida por el hombre, pasa a la pared intestinal de éste donde se multiplica y sus embriones emigran a los músculos. De 1990 a 1999 se reportaron 5.217 casos y en otro posterior de 2014 a 2018 fueron 5.211 casos. Con un promedio anual de 579 casos y de 1302 casos. Como resultado del cambio climático, la triquinosis se traslada de climas fríos a templados, lo que la torna una enfermedad emergente. El cuadro clínico puede presentarse en forma benigna o aguda, y su evolución abarca un período de un año; en ocasiones provoca la muerte por complicaciones. El hombre es responsable de la crianza, la alimentación y el control sanitario del cerdo y de sus productos para consumo. Consideramos a esta zoonosis, un indicador del desarrollo de los pueblos. Con educación, cambios de conducta y cumplimiento de las normas sanitarias, se actuará en beneficio de la salud y el bienestar de la población. (AU)

Trichinosis is a zoonosis that affects animals and humans. It is caused by the ingestion of a larva called Trichinella spiralis which lives in the muscle of host animals. After being ingested by humans, the larva passes to the intestinal wall where it multiplies, and its embryos migrate to the muscles. From 1990 to 1999, 5.217 cases were reported, and in a later period from 2014 to 2018, there were 5.211 cases. With an annual average of 579 cases and 1.302 cases, respectively. As a result of climate change, trichinosis moves from cold to temperate climates making it an emerging disease. The clinical presentation can range from benign to acute, with an evolution period of 1 year; and sometimes it causes death due to complications. Humans are responsible for raising, feeding, and ensuring sanitary control of pigs and their products for consumption. We consider this zoonosis an indicator of the development of communities. Through education, behavioral changes, and compliance with sanitary regulations, actions can be taken to promote the health and welfare of the population. (AU)

Guía sanitaria sobre tenencia responsable de animales de compañía. Documento de trabajo para educación primaria / Health guide on responsible pet ownership. Working document for primary education

La publicación describe las recomendaciones sobre el control de las poblaciones animales, el bienestar de los animales, el cuidado del ambiente, y los aspectos sanitarios relacionados a la tenencia de animales de compañía, así mismo hacer conocer las medidas de prevención y control de las enfermedades que pueden ser transmitidas por ellos, basándose en las estadísticas de incidencia de zoonosis que están afectando principalmente a la población infantil de nuestro país.

Viruela símica en un paciente con vih: reporte de caso / Monkeypox in a patient with HIV: case report

RESUMEN La viruela símica es una enfermedad zoonótica endémica en algunas zonas de África; desde mayo del 2022 se confirmaron múltiples reportes de viruela símica (VS) en países no endémicos. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con antecedente de VIH con exantemas en diversas regiones del cuerpo, con mayor concentración en la región glútea, asociado a adenopatías cervicales y proctitis infecciosa. Se procedió a la toma de la muestra de las lesiones dermatológicas para el estudio molecular de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (RT-PCR), que confirmó el diagnóstico de VS. La infección por Treponema pallidum y Neisseria gonorrhoeae se identificó mediante serología y cultivo de secreción anal, respectivamente. Se aplicó tratamiento con antibióticos específicos para gonorrea y sífilis, y la VS respondió favorablemente a la terapia sintomática e inmunomoduladora.

ABSTRACT Monkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic disease, endemic in some areas of Africa. But since May 2022, multiple cases of Mpox have been reported in non-endemic countries. We present the case of a patient with a history of HIV, as well as rash in several areas of the body, mostly in the gluteal region, associated with cervical lymphadenopathy and infectious proctitis. Diagnosis was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of skin lesion samples. Treponema pallidum and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection was confirmed by serology and rectal discharge culture, respectively. The patient received antibiotics specific for gonorrhea and syphilis and his condition improved due to symptomatic and immunomodulatory therapy.

Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against Leptospira spp: a literature review / Actividad antibacteriana de plantas medicinales contra Leptospiraspp: una revisión de la literatura

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira that affects animals and humans. This disease is usually treated empirically due to its prevalence in precarious areas without basic sanitation. The use of medicinal plants in less industrializedsocieties has been one of the main therapeutic resources available. Considering the need to use these natural resources to combat leptospirosis in areas of socioeconomic vulnerability, this study aimed to review the literature on the use of plants with medicinal potential in the treatment of leptospirosis. The results showed that even though leptospirosis is a common disease in communities lacking basic sanitation and economic development, the number of studies on the use of plants with medicinal potential is scarce. Most of these studies come from India, and all plants investigated between 2012 and 2020 had antileptospiral action.

La leptospirosis es una zoonosis causada por bacterias del género Leptospira que afecta a animales y humanos. Esta enfermedad suele ser tratada empíricamente debido a su prevalencia en zonas precarias sin saneamiento básico. El uso de plantas medicinales en las sociedades menos industrializadas ha sido uno de los principales recursos terapéuticos disponibles. Considerando la necesidad de utilizar estos recursos naturales para combatir la leptospirosis en áreas de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, este estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura sobre el uso de plantas con potencial medicinal en el tratamiento de la leptospirosis. Los resultados mostraron que a pesar de que la leptospirosis es una enfermedad común en comunidades que carecen de saneamiento básico y desarrollo económico, el número de estudios sobre el uso de plantas con potencial medicinal es escaso. La mayoría de estos estudios provienen de India, y todas las plantas investigadas entre 2012 y 2020 tuvieron acción antileptospirales.

Epidemiological aspects of American and visceral cutaneous leishmaniasis in the city of Cametá, Pará, Amazon / Aspectos epidemiológicos da leishmaniose tegumentar americana e visceral na cidade de Cametá, Pará, Amazônia / Aspectos epidemiológicos de la leishmaniasis cutánea americana y visceral en la ciudad de Cametá, Pará, Amazonas

Background and objectives: leishmaniases are anthropozoonosis considered a major public health problem in tropical regions and endemic in some areas of constant expansion. This study aimed to assess the main epidemiological aspects of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the municipality of Cametá, in the state of Pará, from 2007 to 2017. Methods: this is a descriptive-exploratory analysis, of time series, with data collected in the Department of Epidemiological Surveillance of the Department of Sanitary Surveillance of Cametá. Statistical calculations were performed, and, for the coefficient of incidence of ATL and VL, the standard formula was used to obtain the indicator. Results: a total of 94 and 294 cases of ATL and VL were reported, with the highest incidence rate in 2008. The disease affected all established age groups, with high frequency in children under ten years of age for VL (n=174), and between 20 and 30 years of age, for ATL (n=71). The disease was more prevalent in males (ATL (89.4%) and VL (58.2%)), because men are more related to economic activities. Conclusion: considering the high number of rural cases, it is noteworthy that reporting in urban areas is also worrisome, in addition to the livelihood of local families, because it has made them vulnerable to the disease. Furthermore, there is concern about the possible expansion and change in the pattern of ATL in the municipality. The Municipal Department as well as the epidemiological surveillance must pay attention to promote investments and campaigns to combat and treat this important disease.(AU)

Justificativa e objetivos: as leishmanioses são antropozoonoses consideradas um grande problema para a saúde pública em regiões tropicais e endêmicas em algumas áreas de constante expansão. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os principais aspectos epidemiológicos da leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) e leishmaniose visceral (LV) no município de Cametá, no estado do Pará, no período de 2007 a 2017. Métodos: trata-se de uma análise descritiva-exploratória, de série temporal, com dados coletados no Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária de Cametá. Realizaram-se os cálculos estatísticos, e, para o coeficiente de incidência de LTA e LV, utilizou-se a fórmula padrão para a obtenção do indicador. Resultados: foram notificados 94 e 294 casos de LTA e LV, com maior taxa de incidência em 2008. A doença atingiu todas as faixas etárias estabelecidas, com alta frequência nos menores de dez anos para LV (n=174), e, entre 20 e 30 anos de idade, para LTA (n=71). A doença foi mais prevalente no sexo masculino (LTA (89,4%) e LV (58,2%)), em virtude dos homens estarem mais relacionados com as atividades econômicas. Conclusão: em vista do alto número de casos rurais, ressalta-se que a notificação em área urbana também é preocupante, além dos meios de subsistência das famílias locais, pois vem tornando-as vulneráveis para o adoecimento. Ademais, há a preocupação com a possível expansão e mudança no padrão da LTA no município. A Secretaria Municipal, bem como de vigilância epidemiológica, deve atentar-se a promover investimentos e campanhas de combate e tratamento deste importante agravo.(AU)

Justificación y objetivos: las leishmaniasis son antropozoonosis consideradas un importante problema de salud pública en las regiones tropicales y endémicas en algunas zonas de constante expansión. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los principales aspectos epidemiológicos de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana (LTA) y la leishmaniasis visceral (LV) en el municipio de Cametá, en el estado de Pará, de 2007 a 2017. Métodos: se trata de un análisis descriptivo-exploratorio, de serie temporal, con datos recolectados en el Departamento de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Secretaría de Vigilancia Sanitaria de Cametá. Se realizaron cálculos estadísticos y, para el coeficiente de incidencia de LCA y LV, se utilizó la fórmula estándar para obtener el indicador. Resultados: se reportaron 94 y 294 casos de LTA y LV, con la mayor tasa de incidencia en 2008. La enfermedad afectó a todos los grupos de edad establecidos, con alta frecuencia en menores de diez años para LV (n=174), y entre 20 y 30 años. años de edad, para LTA (n=71). La enfermedad fue más prevalente en el sexo masculino (LTA (89,4%) y VL (58,2%)), debido a que los hombres están más relacionados con actividades económicas. Conclusión: dado el alto número de casos rurales, cabe señalar que la notificación en las zonas urbanas también es motivo de preocupación, además de los medios de subsistencia de las familias locales, ya que las ha vuelto vulnerables a la enfermedad. Además, existe preocupación por la posible expansión y cambio en el patrón de LTA en el municipio. La Secretaría Municipal, así como la de vigilancia epidemiológica, debe prestar atención a promover inversiones y campañas para combatir y tratar este importante problema.(AU)

Seropositividad a Chlamydophila psittaci en cotorras argentinas (Myiopsitta monachus) invasoras de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile / Seropositivity to zoonotic Chlamydophila psittaci in invasive monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) from Santiago, Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: Chlamydophila psittaci es una bacteria zoonótica e intracelular estricta, que provoca la psitacosis humana y su principal hospedero son las aves psitácidas. La cotorra argentina es un ave psitácida nativa de Sudamérica y actualmente considerada una especie invasora en 19 países, incluyendo Chile. OBJETIVO: Determinar positividad contra C. psittaci en muestras de suero y torulados de cotorras argentinas de vida libre capturadas en la Región Metropolitana de Chile. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron 95 muestras de suero de pichones e individuos adultos de cotorras argentinas, a través de una prueba de ELISA indirecto utilizando un kit comercial. Posteriormente, se analizaron 40 tórulas nasotraqueales y cloacales de individuos adultos a través de una RPC en tiempo real específica para C. psittaci. RESULTADOS: Se detectaron anticuerpos en muestras de suero de cinco individuos adultos de cotorras argentinas (n = 68), mientras que ninguno de los pichones analizados fue seropositivo (n = 27). Todas las muestras analizadas a través de RPC en tiempo real fueron negativas. CONCLUSIÓN: Estos resultados demuestran por primera vez en Chile la exposición a C. psittaci en cotorras argentinas de vida libre, lo cual puede representar un riesgo importante para la transmisión de este patógeno a poblaciones humanas y animales.

BACKGROUND: Chlamydophila psittaci is a zoonotic obligate intracellular bacterium that causes the human psittacosis, and its main host are psittacine birds. The monk parakeet is a psittacine bird native to South America, currently being considered an invasive species in 19 countries, including Chile. AIM: To determine positivity to C. psittaci in serum samples and swabs from free-ranging monk parakeets captured in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. METHODS: Ninety-five serum samples from nestling chicks and adult monk parakeets were tested using an indirect ELISA test kit. Cloacal and nasotracheal swabs from 40 adult parakeets were further analyzed by C. psittaci-specific real-time PCR. RESULTS: We found antibody titers in sera of five adult monk parakeets (n = 68) while none of the nestlings were seropositive (n = 27). All samples tested with real-time PCR were negative. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demónstrate for the first time in Chile the exposure to C. psittaci in free-ranging monk parakeets which may represent a significant risk of pathogen transmission to human and animal populations.

Endocarditis infecciosa con compromiso bivalvular por Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae / Infective endocarditis with bivalvular involvement due to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Report of one case

The microbiology of infective endocarditis (IE) varies in different populations and depends on public health conditions and socioeconomic status. In low-income countries, oral Streptococci affect hearts with rheumatic valve disease in patients with poor dentition. In high-income countries, Staphylococci are the most common cause, affecting elderly and immunocompromised patients, or those with invasive devices. Gram - positive bacili as IE pathogens are unusual. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram positive bacili. It causes skin diseases in domestic and farm animals, but in humans, is a very unusual pathogen. This infection is considered a zoonosis, since most cases are linked to direct contact with vector animals. We report a 62 year-old male patient with a history of exposure to animals, who developed an infective endocarditis with severe bivalve regurgitation and septic shock, requiring antimicrobials and surgical resolution. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from blood and valve vegetation cultures. The patient had a successful evolution and was discharged from the hospital.

Perfil Epidemiológico de Gatos com Esporotricose no Município de São Paulo (SP), 2011 a 2022 / Epidemiological Profile of Cats with Sporotrichosis in the City of São Paulo (SP), 2011 to 2022

Objetivo: este estudo se propôs a caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico da esporotricose felina no município de São Paulo (SP) no período de 2011 a 2022. Métodos: estudo descritivo dos casos de esporotricose felina registrados entre 2011 e 2022. Foram utilizados dados secundários, provenientes dos bancos de dados da vigilância do município. Resultados: o perfil predominante dos animais é composto por machos, 71,4% (n=2.644), com idade inferior a 4 anos 70,1% (n=1.137) e com livre acesso à rua 51,0% (n=1.348). Foram registrados 811 óbitos, entre os quais foi informado o sexo para 381, sendo estes 77,4% (n=295) machos e 22,6% (n=86) fêmeas. Conclusão: diante dos achados deste estudo, compreende-se que a situação epidemiológica da doença requer ações conjuntas das vigilâncias epidemiológica e ambiental para serem desenvolvidas medidas de prevenção e controle embasadas em uma perspectiva de saúde única.

Objective: this study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of feline sporotrichosis in the city of São Paulo (SP) from 2011 to 2022. Methods: this is a descriptive study of feline sporotrichosis cases reported between 2011 and 2022. The data were obtained from a secondary database of the São Paulo Health Surveillance System. Results: the predominant profile of the animals is composed of males 71.4% (n=2,644), under the age of four years old 70.1% (n=1,137), and with free access to streets 51.0% (n=1,348). Furthermore, of the 811 deaths registered, 381 had the gender identified, 77.4% (n=295) were males, and 22.6% (n=86) were females. Conclusion: given the findings of this study, it is understood that the epidemiological situation of the disease requires joint actions by epidemiological and environmental surveillance in order to develop prevention and control measures based on one health perspective.

Hidatidosis pulmonar: Reporte de casos y preludio endémico de la equinococosis quística humana en Paraguay / Pulmonary hydatidosis: Case report and endemic prelude to human cystic echinococcosis in Paraguay

El Paraguay integra la Iniciativa Sudamericana para el Control y Vigilancia de Equinococosis Quística. Con el fin de optimizar los informes epidemiológicos sobre hidatidosis, presentamostres casos clínicos vistos en centros nacionales y realizamos una revisión de la literatura local sobre el tópico. Desde 1969 hasta la fecha se describen 70casos de equinococosis quística. Se requieren estudios epidemiológicos sistemáticos para evaluar el grado de penetración, la distribución geográfica y las características de transmisión de esta enfermedad en nuestro país.Palabras clave: equinococosis;equinococosispulmonar; equinococosis hepática; equinococcus granulosus; zoonosis.

Paraguay is a member of the South American Initiative for the Control and Surveillance of Cystic Echinococcosis. In order to optimize the epidemiological reports on hydatidosis, we present three clinical cases seen in national centers and we carry out a review of the local literature on the topic. From 1969 to date, 70cases of cystic echinococcosis have been described. Systematic epidemiological studies are required to assess the degree of penetration, geographic distribution, and transmission characteristics of this disease in our country.Key words:echinococcosis;echinococcosispulmonar;echinococcosishepatic;echinococcus granulosus; zoonoses.

Embarque na residência integrada em saúde: relato de experiências com ênfase em saúde coletiva / Boarding on the integrated health residence: report of experiences with emphasis on public health / Abordaje de la residencia sanitaria integrada: relato de experiencias con énfasis en salud pública

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar a experiência de imersão na especialização com caráter de residência integrada com ênfase em Saúde Coletiva. Trata- se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, utilizando-se como referencial teórico para descrição a observação participante, memória afetiva, diário de bordo e da textualização. Foi desenvolvido na Residência Integrada em Saúde, da Escola de Saúde Pública do Estado do Ceará, ênfase em Saúde Coletiva, no período de dois anos, em Fortaleza, Ceará. Os cenários de prática foram setores relacionados à Atenção Primária à Saúde, Vigilância Epidemiológica, Sanitária e Ambiental, Controle de Endemias e Zoonoses, Imunização, além dos espaços de gestão, assistência e controle social. A imersão na especialização em caráter de residência viabilizou ferramentas para a vivência, por meio da interprofissionalidade e integração contínuas, e da realização das atividades, circulação de informações, compreensão das experiências, entendimento de macroprocessos, políticas e indicadores. Rodas de Campo e de Equipe viabilizaram o aprofundamento das temáticas administrativa, formativa, teórica e terapêutica. Percebeu-se resistência e desejo de remodelações, mediante inovação e diálogo intersetorial. A relação entre as categorias profissionais e ser sanitarista foi desafiadora. Oportunizou-se, também, habilidades de gestão, autonomia e governança, com pluralidade formativa e riqueza de atuação. A vivência favoreceu a percepção do programa de residência como processo formativo plural e significativo. O elemento político se destacou como base para a formação dos residentes e fortalecimento do sistema de saúde, e a residência integrada em saúde, como modalidade diferenciada de formação, com desafios e potencialidades.

The object of this study was to report the experience of immersion in the specialization as an integrated residency with emphasis on Public Health. A descriptive, qualitative study, of the experience report type, using participant observation, affective memory, logbook and textualization as theoretical references for description. It was developed in the Integrated Residency in Health, of the School of Public Health. emphasis on Public Health, during two years, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The practice scenarios were sectors related to Primary Health Care, Epidemiological, Sanitary and Environmental Surveillance, Endemic and Zoonosis Control, Immunization, in addition to management, assistance and social control spaces. The immersion in the specialization in a residency character has enabled tools for the experience, through continuous interprofessionalism and integration, and the realization of activities, circulation of information, understanding of experiences, understanding of macro processes, policies and indicators. Field and team meetings made it possible to deepen the administrative, formative, theoretical, and therapeutic themes. Resistance and a desire for remodeling was perceived, through innovation and intersectoral dialogue. The relationship between the professional categories and being a sanitarian was challenging. It also provided opportunities for management skills, autonomy, and governance, with formative plurality and richness of action. The experience favored the perception of the residency program as a plural and significant formative process. The political element stood out as the basis for training residents and strengthening the health system, and the integrated health residency as a differentiated training modality, with challenges and potentialities.

El objeto de este estudio fue relatar la experiencia de inmersión en la especialización como residencia integrada con énfasis en Salud Pública. Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, del tipo relato de experiencias, utilizando la observación participante, la memoria afectiva, la bitácora y la textualización como referentes teóricos para la descripción. Se desarrolló en la Residencia Integrada en Salud, de la Escuela de Salud Pública. énfasis en Salud Pública, durante dos años, en Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Los escenarios de la práctica fueron sectores relacionados con la Atención Primaria de Salud, Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Sanitaria y Ambiental, Control de Endemias y Zoonosis, Inmunización, además de espacios de gestión, asistencia y control social. La inmersión en la especialización en carácter de residencia ha posibilitado herramientas para la experiencia, a través de la continua interprofesionalidad e integración, y la realización de actividades, circulación de información, comprensión de experiencias, entendimiento de macro procesos, políticas e indicadores. Reuniones de campo y de equipo posibilitaron la profundización de los temas administrativos, formativos, teóricos y terapéuticos. Se percibieron resistencias y deseos de remodelación, a través de la innovación y el diálogo intersectorial. La relación entre las categorías profesionales y el ser sanitario fue desafiante. También proporcionó oportunidades para la capacidad de gestión, autonomía y gobernanza, con pluralidad formativa y riqueza de acción. La experiencia favoreció la percepción del programa de residencia como un proceso formativo plural y significativo. Se destacó el elemento político como base para la formación de residentes y fortalecimiento del sistema de salud, y la residencia integrada en salud como modalidad formativa diferenciada, con desafíos y potencialidades.

Introduction for One Health Joint Plan of Action (2022-2026) / 中华流行病学杂志

Four organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Environment Programme, WHO, and the World Organization for Animal Health, recently launched a new One Health Joint Plan of Action (2022-2026) which was the first time that the Quadripartite had issued a joint action plan on One Health. The action plan aimed to address the health challenges in the human, animal, plant, and environment, focusing on improving capabilities in six action tracks including One Health capacities, emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases, neglected tropical and vector-borne diseases, food safety, antimicrobial resistance and environment. This introduction will give an overview and brief translation of the background, content, and the plan's value, to help readers understand the joint action plan quickly.

Epidemiological characteristics and research progress of monkeypox in 2022 / 中华流行病学杂志

Monkeypox is a zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus. Monkeypox was endemic mainly in central and western Africa in the past. Since May 7, 2022, monkeypox outbreaks have been reported in many non-epidemic countries and regions around the world. As of December 25, 2022, monkeypox cases have been detected in 110 countries and areas. Moreover, human to human transmission, especially among men who have sex with men, has aroused high global concern. The incidence, transmission route and clinical characteristics of monkeypox in 2022 seemed different from those in the past. Therefore, this paper summarizes the progress in research of the changes of epidemiological characteristics of monkeypox, the clinical characteristics of monkeypox and its prevention and treatment to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of monkeypox.

Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) in Campos do Jordão State Park, São Paulo, Brazil / Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) no Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, Brasil

The aim of this paper was recording the occurrence of the species Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) in lotic systems of the State of São Paulo. Specimens were collected in Sapucaí River, located in Campos do Jordão State Park. The mapping of geographical distribution of this species is of interest to public health since L. variegatus may be an intermediate host of Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymatidae), a parasite of recognized zoonotic potential. Distribution data serves as a basis for environmental monitoring and evaluation, being essential to map possible cases of the disease (Dioctophimosis) and provide information to health professionals.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar a ocorrência de Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) em um sistema lótico do Estado de São Paulo. Os espécimes foram coletados no rio Sapucaí, localizado no Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão. O mapeamento da distribuição geográfica desta espécie é de interesse para saúde pública uma vez que L. variegatus pode ser um hospedeiro intermediário de Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymatidae), parasito de reconhecido potencial zoonótico. Dados de distribuição servem de base para monitoramento e avaliação ambiental, sendo essenciais para mapear possíveis casos da doença (Dioctofimose) e fornecer informações para profissionais de saúde.

Global epidemiology of Equine Influenza viruses: "A possible emerging zoonotic threat in future" an extensive systematic review with evidence / Epidemiologia global dos vírus da Gripe Equina: "Uma possível ameaça zoonótica emergente no futuro" uma extensa revisão sistemática com evidências

There are different opinions around the World regarding the zoonotic capability of H3N8 equine influenza viruses. In this report, we have tried to summarize the findings of different research and review articles from Chinese, English, and Mongolian Scientific Literature reporting the evidence for equine influenza virus infections in human beings. Different search engines i.e. CNKI, PubMed, ProQuest, Chongqing Database, Mongol Med, and Web of Knowledge yielded 926 articles, of which 32 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Analyzing the epidemiological and Phylogenetic data from these articles, we found a considerable experimental and observational evidence of H3N8 equine influenza viruses infecting human being in different parts of the World in the past. Recently published articles from Pakistan and China have highlighted the emerging threat and capability of equine influenza viruses for an epidemic in human beings in future. In this review article we have summarized the salient scientific reports published on the epidemiology of equine influenza viruses and their zoonotic aspect. Additionally, several recent developments in the start of 21st century, including the transmission and establishment of equine influenza viruses in different animal species i.e. camels and dogs, and presumed encephalopathy associated to influenza viruses in horses, have documented the unpredictable nature of equine influenza viruses. In sum up, several reports has highlighted the unpredictable nature of H3N8 EIVs highlighting the need of continuous surveillance for H3N8 in equines and humans in contact with them for novel and threatening mutations.

Existem diferentes opiniões em todo o mundo a respeito da capacidade zoonótica dos vírus da influenza equina H3N8. Neste relatório, tentamos resumir os resultados de diferentes pesquisas e artigos de revisão da literatura científica chinesa, inglesa e mongol relatando as evidências de infecções pelo vírus da influenza equina em seres humanos. Diferentes mecanismos de busca, como CNKI, PubMed, ProQuest, Chongqing Database, Mongol Med e Web of Knowledge geraram 926 artigos, dos quais 32 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão para esta revisão. Analisando os dados epidemiológicos e filogenéticos desses artigos, encontramos uma considerável evidência experimental e observacional de vírus da influenza equina H3N8 infectando seres humanos em diferentes partes do mundo no passado. Artigos publicados recentemente no Paquistão e na China destacaram a ameaça emergente e a capacidade dos vírus da influenza equina para uma epidemia em seres humanos no futuro. Neste artigo de revisão, resumimos os relatórios científicos relevantes publicados sobre a epidemiologia dos vírus da influenza equina e seu aspecto zoonótico. Além disso, vários desenvolvimentos recentes no início do século 21, incluindo a transmissão e estabelecimento de vírus da influenza equina em diferentes espécies animais, ou seja, camelos e cães, e presumida encefalopatia associada aos vírus da influenza em cavalos, documentaram a natureza imprevisível dos vírus da influenza equina. Em suma, vários relatórios destacaram a natureza imprevisível de H3N8 EIVs destacando a necessidade de vigilância contínua para H3N8 em equinos e humanos em contato com eles para novas mutações ameaçadoras.

Hidatidosis quística simulando una neoplasia hepática invasiva / Cystic hydatidosis simulating an invasive hepatic neoplasia

La hidatidosis/equinococosis quística es una infección zoonótica, endémica en muchos países de América del Sur, caracterizada por lesiones hepáticas que radiológicamente pueden simular neo-plasias malignas de aspecto quístico y que, dependiendo del tiempo de evolución y del grado de obstrucción de la vía biliar, pueden cursar con insuficiencia hepática, por lo cual es importante un diagnóstico oportuno. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 35 años, sin antecedentes patológicos de importancia, perteneciente a una comunidad indígena y residente de una zona rural de Colombia, quien presentó un cuadro clínico y pruebas de laboratorio sugestivos de obstrucción de la vía biliar, la cual fue confirmada con el hallazgo de una masa hepática quística infiltrante en los estudios imagenológicos, sospechándose inicialmente una etiología neoplásica maligna. El paciente finalmente falleció tras procedimiento quirúrgico, y su estudio histopatológico reveló una hidatidosis quística como diagnóstico definitivo.

Cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis is a zoonotic infection, endemic in many South American coun-tries, characterized by liver lesions that radiologically can simulate malignant neoplasms with a cystic appearance, and depending on the time of progression and degree of obstruction of the bile duct, can present with liver failure, so a prompt diagnosis is important. We present the case of a 35-year-old male patient, with no significant pathological history, from an indigenous community and resident of a rural area in Colombia, who presented clinical symptoms and laboratory tests suggestive of bile duct obstruction, which was confirmed with the finding of an infiltrating cystic liver mass in imaging studies, initially suspecting a malignant neoplastic etiology. The patient developed a fulminant course after surgery, and the histopathological study revealed cystic hydatidosis as the definitive diagnosis.

Métodos de exclusión de murciélagos hematófagos en edificaciones humanas / Methods for the exclusion of blood-sucking bats in human buildings

Los murciélagos son los únicos mamíferos capaces de volar, y también son un grupo diverso, dentro de los cuales se han identificado 1.116 especies, 202 géneros y 18 familias. Geográficamente, se distribuyen en casi todo el mundo, con excepción del polo Norte y Sur. Existen al menor tres especies de murciélagos hematófagos, las cuales solo habitan en el continente americano: el vampiro de patas peludas (Diphylla ecaudata), el alas blancas (Diaemus youngi), que tienen preferencia por el consumo de sangre de aves, y el vampiro común (Desmodus rotundus), único de estas especies que se alimenta de sangre de mamíferos, incluyendo humanos, siendo ésta la especie de mayor importancia desde un punto de vista sanitario y económico. Es importante destacar que una variedad de nuevas enfermedades infecciosas zoonóticas ocurridas en los últimos años se ha relacionado con los murciélagos. A pesar de ser portadores de diversas enfermedades, también tiene un lado positivo que señala su importancia en la naturaleza, destaca que, debido a su alta sensibilidad a los cambios climáticos, son considerados como buenos indicadores del estado de conservación de bosques. Además, aportan a la diversidad estructural y funcional de los bosques siendo dispersadores de semillas, polinizadores de plantas y controladores de plagas. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tiene como finalidad, el uso de métodos físicos para la exclusión de murciélagos hematófagos que habitan en la zonificación de San Remo, del sector la Molina en Lima, Perú. Posterior a a un diagnóstico inicial, se implementaron los métodos de barrera física, tales como mallas, cortinas o tubos de PCV que impedieron la pernotación de los murciélagos en los hogares zonificados encontrándose una reducción de los índices de infestación(AU)

Bats are the only mammals capable of flight, and they are also a diverse group, within which 1,116 species, 202 genera, and 18 families have been identified. Geographically, they are distributed throughout almost the entire world, with the exception of the North and South Pole. There are at least three species of blood-sucking bats, which only inhabit the American continent: the hairy-legged vampire (Diphylla ecaudata), the white-winged (Diaemus youngi), which prefers to consume bird blood, and the vampire bat. common (Desmodus rotundus), the only one of these species that feeds on the blood of mammals, including humans, this being the most important species from a health and economic point of view. Importantly, a variety of new zoonotic infectious diseases in recent years have been linked to bats. Despite being carriers of various diseases, they also have a positive side that indicates their importance in nature, noting that due to their high sensitivity to climate change, they are considered good indicators of the state of forest conservation. In addition, they contribute to the structural and functional diversity of forests by being seed dispersers, plant pollinators and pest controllers. Therefore, the purpose of this work is the use of physical methods for the exclusion of blood-sucking bats that inhabit the San Remo zoning, in the La Molina sector in Lima, Peru. After an initial diagnosis, physical barrier methods were implemented, such as meshes, curtains or PCV tubes that prevented bats from staying in zoned homes, finding a reduction in infestation rates(AU)

Anisakidae parasites in frozen fish fillets intended for human consumption / Parásitos anisákidos en filetes de pescado congelado destinados a consumo humano

Introduction: Anisakiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw fish or shellfish containing larvae of the Anisakidae family. It is currently considered an emerging disease of public health interest. Objective: To identify the presence of larvae of the Anisakidae family in samples of frozen raw fish fillets intended for human consumption in markets in Medellín and its metropolitan area in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which larvae of the Anisakidae family were detected and identified in frozen raw fish fillets from three representative markets in Medellín and its metropolitan area. A total of 384 ready for consumption fillets were analyzed (197 sawfish, 137 salmon, 37 tuna, and 13 hake), using the pressing and ultraviolet light method. Taxonomic keys were used to identify the collected parasites and to establish its genus. Conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing was performed to determine the species. Results: Four larvae were found in 4 of the 384 (1.04%) fillets (CI95% 1.04 ± 1.01%). The species of fish in which the larvae were found was sawfish (Scomberomorus spp.) and the genus and species of the larvae was established as Anisakis pegreffii. Conclusions: According to the study, the presence of Anisakis parasites in frozen raw fish fillets in the influence area is evident.

Introducción. La anisakiasis es una infección producida por parásitos de la familia Anisakidae, transmitida a los humanos por el consumo de pescado o mariscos crudos. En la actualidad, se considera una enfermedad emergente de interés en salud pública. Objetivo. Identificar la presencia de larvas de la familia Anisakidae en muestras de filetes de pescado crudo congelado destinados a consumo humano, en mercados de Medellín y su área metropolitana en Antioquia (Colombia). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, en el cual se buscó la presencia de larvas de la familia Anisakidae en filetes de pescado crudo congelado de tres mercados representativos de Medellín y su área metropolitana. Se analizaron 384 filetes listos para el consumo (197 sierras, 137 salmones, 37 atunes y 13 merluzas). Cada filete fue analizado mediante el método de prensado y luz ultravioleta. Los parásitos recolectados se identificaron a partir de claves taxonómicas para establecer el género, así como PCR convencional y posterior secuenciación Sanger, para determinar la especie. Resultados. Se encontraron 4 larvas en 4 de los 384 filetes (1,04 %) (IC95% 1,04 ± 1,01 %). Las larvas encontradas fueron identificadas como Anisakis pegreffi y el tipo de pescado en el cual se encontraron fue la sierra (Scomberomorus spp.) Conclusiones. De acuerdo con el estudio realizado, se evidencia la presencia de parásitos anisákidos en filetes de pescado crudo congelado en el área de influencia.