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Objective To investigate the effects of paternal pre-conceptional n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on telomere length (TL) in the offspring. Methods Three to four-week old male C57 BL/6J mice (Father) were randomly divided into three groups and fed either an n-3 PUFA-deficient (n-3 D) (n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio = 47.2:1) diet, a diet with normal n-3 PUFA content (n-3 N) (n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio = 4.3:1), or a diet with high n-3 PUFA content (n-3 H) (n-6:n-3 ratio = 1.5:1), for 12 weeks. Then, the offspring were generated by mating the father mice with 12-week-old virgin female C57 BL/6J mice. The TL, mRNA expression of telomere transcriptase and binding proteins, as well as DNA methylation in the TERT promoter region were determined in adult offspring mice. Results Compared to n-3 N diet, paternal feeding with n-3 D diet during preconception decreased offspring TL in the peripheral blood cells, liver, adipose tissue and brain, accompanied by upregulated hepatic mRNA expression of TIN2 in the female, and downregulated hepatic expression of TERC, and binding proteins TRF2 and POT1a in the male. Meanwhile, paternal n-3 D diet shortened testis TL in offspring instead of themselves, with altered mRNA expression of TERT and binding proteins TRF1, TRF2 and POT1a. Paternal n-3 H diet showed no differences in effects on offspring TL and expressions of TERC and binding proteins with n-3 N diet, but normalized the alterations in associated parameters resulted from paternal n-3 D diet. In addition, although paternal n-3 D or n-3 H diet did not affect testis TL in themselves compared to n-3 N diet, fathers fed n-3 H diet had longer testis TL and higher expression of TRF1, TRF2, POT1a and RAP1 than those fed n-3 D diet. Finally, the DNA methylation fraction in the TERT promoter in offspring testes and male offspring liver was no difference between paternal n-3 D and n-3 N diet groups. CpG sites with altered methylation were less (1 site) between paternal n-3 H and n-3 N diet groups than those (5 sites) between paternal n-3 H and n-3 D diet groups in male offspring liver and testes. Conclusion Maintaining paternal optimal n-3 PUFA status in pre-conception increases offspring TL, probably mediated by inheritance from increased TL in father and regulation on expressions of telomere transcriptase and binding proteins in the offspring, which may be helpful for promoting offspring development and disease prevention in adulthood.
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Objective Based on the global burden of disease (GBD) study data, to analyze the current situation and changing trend of refractive disorders in China by comparing Japan, India, the United States, the United Kingdom and the world. Methods The prevalence, years lived with disability (YLD) rate of refractive disorders from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the global health exchange (GHDx）database. The disease burden and change trend of refractive disorders were analyzed using Joinpoint and other software. Results In 2019, the number of refractive disorders in China exceeded 27 million, with the prevalence and YLD rate were 19.18‰ and 89.40/100,000 respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the prevalence and YLD rate of refractive disorders showed an increasing trend globally (except India), with the largest increase in China (up by 53.21% and 53.96% respectively). The age standardized YLD rates in China, Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom were all lower than the global average level, but China's age standardized YLD rates were higher than the developed countries (Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom). Conclusion From 1990 to 2019, there was a certain gap between China and developed countries in the control of refractive disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the disease status from a global perspective in order to better prevent and control refractive disorders in the future.
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Objective To investigate the changing trend and epidemiological characteristics of the incidence and mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with age, period and birth cohort in Chinese population. Methods Based on the data of incidence and mortality of CKD in Chinese population aged 20-80 years from 1990 to 2019 in GHDx database, joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the incidence and mortality trend of CKD. An age-period-cohort model was constructed to analyze the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on the trend of CKD incidence and mortality. Results Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the standardized incidence rate of chronic kidney disease in Chinese population increased from 146.37/100 000 in 1990 to 161.52/100 000 in 2019, while the standardized mortality rate decreased from 12.98/100 000 in 1990 to 11.23/100 000 in 2019. The APC model analysis showed that the risk of CKD incidence and death in the Chinese population increased with age, while the risk of CKD incidence increased with the increase of period. The risk of death did not change significantly with the increase of period. The cohort born later had a lower risk of CKD incidence and death compared to the cohort born earlier. Conclusion At present, the age effect and period effect of the incidence and death risk of chronic kidney disease in China are dominant. It is important to take effective measures and intervene in a timely manner, especially to strengthen the protection of older high-risk groups born earlier.
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Objective To explore the research progress, research hotspot and development trend of tigecycline resistance based on the quantitative analysis and visualization function of CiteSpace. Methods The data were collected from 4,263 Chinese and English articles on tigecycline resistance in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Web of Science (WOS) databases from 2012 to 2022. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 software was used to analyze the cooperative network of authors, the cooperative network of countries and institutions, the total citation times of journals, and keywords included in the literature, to reveal the hotspots and trends of tigecycline resistance research. Results The number of articles published in English literature was higher than that in Chinese literature. China had the largest number of published documents, showing a significant international academic influence in this research field. Countries all over the world were concerned about the resistance of tigecycline, but Chinese literatures focused more on the clinical infection and prevention of tigecycline resistance, while English literatures placed special emphasis on the research about the drug resistance mechanism of tigecycline. Conclusion The research direction at home and abroad is basically the same, but the research focus has gradually shifted from the clinical treatment and monitoring of tigecycline to the molecular level of drug resistance mechanism.
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Objective To investigate the ameliorative effect of Lentinan (LNT) on sodium arsenite (SA)-induced hepatic lipid deposition in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were used as the experimental subjects, which were divided into control group, SA-exposed group, LNT + SA-exposed group and LNT control group. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected at the end of the experiment, and serum glutathione transaminase (ALT) and glutathione aminotransferase (AST) levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A part of liver tissues was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) or oil red O to observe the characteristics of liver pathological damage and lipid deposition, and another part of liver tissues was used to detect triglyceride (TG) and Adiponectin (APN) levels by ELISA. Results Compared with control group or LNT control group, SA-exposed group showed the increased levels of AST and ALT, showing the characteristics of liver histopathological damage and lipid deposition, and the APN level decreased while the TG level increased (P<0.05). Compared with SA-exposed group, the levels of AST and ALT decreased in LNT + SA-exposed group, showing the reduced degree of liver tissue damage and lipid deposition, and APN level upregulated while TG level downregulated (P<0.05). Conclusion Chronic SA exposure induces liver function damage, APN downregulation and lipid deposition in C57BL/6 mice, while LNT intervention leads to the significantly improvement of hepatic damage and lipid deposition, which may be related to the elevated APN level in liver.
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Objective To explore the impact of severe weather on road traffic injuries (RTIs). Methods Relevant literature on the impact of meteorology on the occurrence and resulting casualties of road traffic injuries was searched. Meta-analysis was performed on the included literature using state16.0 software. Results A total of 28 articles were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that heat wave, cloudy day, snowy day, rainy day and other severe weather such as storm had a statistically significant impact on the occurrence of road traffic injuries. Severe weather such as storms had a statistically significant impact on RTIs casualties. Conclusion Heat wave, cloudy day, snowy day, rainy day, storm and other bad weather are independent risk factors for the occurrence of RTIs. Storm is a risk factor for accident casualties. There is not enough evidence to show that low temperature, cold wave and heavy fog are the influencing factors of road traffic accidents.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between the concentration of air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2) and the number of outpatient and emergency visits for pediatric respiratory diseases in a general hospital in Shanghai. Methods Data including pediatric respiratory disease outpatient and emergency visits in a hospital in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from May 1, 2013 to March 20, 2022 were collected. Daily concentration of air pollutants including PM10, SO2 and NO2 and meteorological data in Pudong New Area during the same period were collected. A case-crossover study with distributed lag non-linear model was conducted to explore the correlation between air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2) and the number of outpatient and emergency visits for pediatric respiratory diseases. Results The concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NO2 were positively with the number of outpatient and emergency visits for pediatric respiratory diseases. The strongest cumulative effect was observed on six days lag (Lag0-5) for PM10. For a 10 μg/m3 increase of the concentrations of PM10, the corresponding increase of cumulative pediatric respiratory disease outpatients was 1.10% (95%CI:0.97%, 1.23%) in Lag0-5. The strongest cumulative effect was observed on eight days lag (Lag0-7) for SO2 and NO2. For a 10 μg /m3 increase of the concentrations of SO2 and NO2, the corresponding increase of cumulative pediatric respiratory disease outpatients was 5.64% (95%CI:5.16%, 6.13%) and 5.41% (95%CI:5.15%, 5.66%) in Lag 0-7, respectively. The association of PM10 and SO2 with the number of pediatric respiratory disease visits in males was significantly stronger than that in females. The impact of PM10 on the number of pediatric respiratory disease visits in children aged 0-6 was higher than that in children aged 7-14, while the impact of SO2 and NO2 on the number of pediatric respiratory disease visits in children aged 7-14 was higher than that in children aged 0-6. Conclusion The concentration of ambient PM10, SO2, and NO2 is positively correlated with outpatient and emergency visits for pediatric respiratory diseases, with obvious lag and cumulative effect. Boys and children aged 0-6 are more susceptible to the hazard of air pollution.
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Objective To investigate the effect of subchronic inhalation of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on oxidative stress damage in rat lung tissue. Methods SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,the rats were placed in a HOPE-MED 8050A movable poison cabinet in a cage.To observe the ultrastructural and histopathology changes of lung tissue in rats.The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in lung tissue were detected. The ultrastructural and histopathological changes were examined. The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA and protein were detected by Real-time PCR and Western Blot, respectively. Results The body mass, lung tissue mass, and lung organ coefficient of rats in each dose group were lower than those in the control group (P0.05). Conclusion Subchronic inhalation of TDI can cause changes in the pathology and ultrastructure of rat lung tissue, leading to abnormal levels of metabolic enzymes in lung function, thereby inducing oxidative stress damage to the lungs. However, but HO-1 is involved in oxidative stress damage in the lungs induced by TDI.
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Objective To analyze the data of prostate cancer in Wuhan from 2010 to 2019, understand the characteristics and trends of incidence, mortality, and YLL, and provide decision-making basis for Wuhan's cancer prevention and control strategies. Methods Data on deaths and incident cases of prostate cancer in Wuhan from 2010 to 2019 and from 2013 to 2017, respectively, were collected from the Wuhan Death Monitoring System. Indicators such as incidence rate, mortality rate, and years of life lost due to premature death (YLL) of prostate cancer in Wuhan were calculated using Excel 2016 and Python. The Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort Model (BAPC) was used to predict the mortality rate of prostate cancer in Wuhan from 2020 to 2024. The trend changes were described using the annual average percentage change (AAPC). Results From 2010 to 2019, the incidence, mortality, and YLL rates of prostate cancer in Wuhan showed an overall increasing trend (AAPC >0, P <0.05). The standardized mortality and incidence rates in the central urban area were significantly higher than those in the outer urban area, and the age group of 85 and above had the highest incidence and mortality rates. The age group of 0-54 had the largest increase in incidence and mortality rates. From 2020 to 2024, prostate cancer in Wuhan is expected to continue to increase slightly (an increase of 0.94%). Conclusion The incidence, mortality, and YLL rates of prostate cancer in Wuhan are showing an overall increasing trend, and this trend may continue. The characteristics are higher in the central urban area than in the outer urban area, and higher in the older age group than in the younger age group. Targeted measures need to be taken, and screening for high-risk populations should be strengthened.
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Objective To explore the correlation between the incidence of foodborne diseases and meteorological factors in Jinan, and to provide targeted measures for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods Data from the reporting systems of two sentinel hospitals for active surveillance of foodborne diseases from 2013 to 2021 in Jinan were collected. The meteorological data in the same period in Jinan were also collected. The generalized additive model was used to explore the nonlinear relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of foodborne diseases, and threshold function analysis was use to perform subsection regression. Results The incidence of foodborne diseases was positively correlated with daily average temperature (rs=0.23), relative humidity (rs=0.05), and daily average wind speed (rs=0.01), and negatively correlated with daily average air pressure (rs=-0.19). Based on the GAM results and segmented regression analysis of meteorological factors, it was found that when the daily average temperature was below or above the threshold of 24.63°C, for every 1°C increase in daily average temperature, the incidence of foodborne diseases correspondingly increased by 0.04% and 0.18%. When the daily average wind speed was above the threshold of 2.26 m/s, the incidence of foodborne diseases decreased by 0.36% for every 1 m/s increase in the daily average wind speed. Conclusion Nine years of observation and data analysis have shown that meteorological factors such as daily average temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and wind speed are related to the incidence of foodborne diseases. These findings suggest that meteorological factors may be important factors leading to foodborne diseases, which provides an important scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of primary drug resistance among HIV-1 patients in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, and to provide corresponding basis and data support for HIV antiviral therapy (ART) in Hubei Province. Methods During 2020-2022, plasma samples of HIV-1 infected patients before ART were collected., Patients’ demographic data and baseline laboratory test data were also collected. HIV-1 pol region was amplified by in-house method for sub-type typing and drug-resistant mutation site analysis. Results The pol gene sequence was successfully amplified in 242 of 285 cases, with a success rate of 84.9%. CRF07_BC was the predominant HIV-1 sub-type, accounting for 47.11% (114/242), followed by CRF01_AE, accounting for 25.21% (61/242), sub-type B, accounting for 14.16% (35/242), and CRF55_01B, accounting for 4.13% (10/242). The primary resistance rate was 6.20% (15/242). The mutation site of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) was mainly M184V, and the mutation sites of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were mainly E138A/G/EG and V179E. These different mutation sites led to different degrees of drug resistance to 12 drugs. The incidence of drug resistance mutation of CRF55_01B sub-type was significantly higher than that of other sub-types. Conclusion The primary drug resistance rate of HIV-1 infected patients is at a slightly high level in Hubei Province, and close monitoring of primary drug resistance and mutation sites should be strengthened before ART, especially for CRF55_01B sub-type.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and genotype distribution of enterovirus (EV) in influenza-negative influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Chongqing, and to provide a scientific basis for EV prevention and control. Methods Throat swab samples of influenza-negative ILI cases were collected from surveillance sites. The samples were detected for EV using real-time RT-PCR. The VP4 regions of positive samples were amplified and sequenced for genotyping. Results A total of 3 960 influenza-negative ILI samples were collected from January to December 2021, and 316 (7.98%) of them were EV-positive. EV could be detected in influenza-negative ILI cases in Chongqing all year round. The months with high EV-positive rates were January (11.60%), April (10.56%), May (11.79%), June (12.62%), and July (10.33%). There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of EV in ILI cases in different regions, gender, and age groups (χ2=29.647，χ2=4.192，χ2=69.176，P<0.05). A total of 213 EV-positive cases were successfully genotyped, including 17 genotypes of EV-A, EV-B, and EV-C and 5 genotypes of HRV-B. The dominant genotypes were CV-A4 (32.86%), CV-A2 (23.00%), CA-6 (12.21%), and CA-10 (11.74%). EV-D and novel EV were not identified in this study. Conclusion EV is an important pathogen in ILI cases in Chongqing. The prevalence of EV in ILI cases in Chongqing has typical regional, seasonal and population characteristics. Prevention and control should be carried out in Chongqing according to the epidemic characteristics of EV.
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Objective To investigate the health status of workers exposed to noise in a brewery in Beijing and to analyze the relationship between hearing loss and blood pressure. Methods A total of 949 noise-exposed workers in a brewery who participated in occupational health examination were selected as the investigation subjects. A survey was conducted to investigate the pure tone hearing threshold and abnormal blood pressure of the workers with different characteristics, and to analyze the relationship between the two. Results Among the noise-exposed workers, the detection rates of hearing abnormality, hypertension, and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 73.55%, 52.37%, 43.84% and 46.47%, respectively. The detection rates of hearing abnormality, indicators of hypertension, high frequency hearing threshold abnormality and increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold on average in males were higher than those in females (P 0.05), the detection rates of other hearing abnormality, indicators of hypertension, speech frequency hearing threshold abnormality, high frequency hearing threshold abnormality，increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold on average and the weighted value of the better ear's hearing threshold all increased or had an increasing trend with the increase of age or working years (P< 0.05). The detection rates of hypertension in the groups with high frequency hearing threshold abnormality and increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold on average were higher than those in the normal group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The noise-exposed workers in the brewery have hearing impairment, which is related to the occurrence of hypertension. It is recommended to strengthen the publicity and education on noise protection and take protective measures to reduce the occurrence of occupational noise injury.
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Objective To investigate the radioactivity levels of total α and total β in drinking water in nine districts of Chongqing City from 2019 to 2021, and to provide reference for the risk monitoring of drinking water in the metropolitan areas of Chongqing. Methods The total α and total β radioactivity levels in water samples were determined by the comparative measurement method and the thin source deposit method in GB/T5750.13-2006 “Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Radiological Parameters”. The monitoring results were assessed according to GB5749-2006 “Standards for Drinking Water Quality” and the fourth edition of the WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Results From 2019 to 2021, the total α activity concentration of the water samples measured in the nine districts of metropolitan Chongqing ranged from 0.002 to 0.039 Bq /L, and the total β activity concentration ranged from 0.015 to 0.190 Bq /L. There was no significant difference in the activity concentration (tα=0.545, Pα=0.591; tβ=-1.438, Pβ=0.163>0.05). From 2019 to 2021, the average value of total α radioactivity decreased year by year and its activity value was relatively low, indicating a low health risk. However, the average value of total β radioactivity increased year by year, which should be paid attention to. Conclusion The total α and total β radioactivity in water samples measured in the present study are lower than the standard recommended limits. The estimated annual average effective dose of radiation caused by drinking water is 0.005-0.010 mSv, which is lower than the limit of 0.1 mSv recommended by WHO, and this radioactivity level will not have an impact on the health of residents. However, the total β radioactivity level of the monitoring points in Banan and Shapingba is relatively high compared to other jurisdictions, and further tracking and monitoring should be carried out.
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Objective To analyze the seasonal characteristics of scarlet fever in Songjiang District from 2012 to 2021, and to provide references for the prevention and control of scarlet fevers. Methods The incidence data of scarlet fever in Songjiang District from 2012 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The seasonal characteristics and peak of scarlet fever incidence were analyzed using concentration and circular distribution methods. Results The average annual reported incidence rate of scarlet fever in Songjiang District from 2012 to 2021 was 20.15/100 000. The M value of the concentration analysis was 0.18. The results of the circular distribution method showed that the peak day of scarlet fever from March to August was May 12, and the epidemic peak period was from April 3 to June 20. From September to February of the next year, the peak day of scarlet fever was December 21, and the epidemic peak period was from December 2 to January 9 of the next year. The differences were all statistically significant (P values were all less than 0.05). Conclusion The peaks of scarlet fever in Songjiang District mainly occur in May and December. It is suggested that the monitoring methods and prevention strategies should be adjusted in time according to Seasonal characteristics of scarlet fever.
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Objective To evaluate the noise hazard level of a coal mining enterprise, and identify high-risk operation types and people, and to provide a basis for preventing and controlling the health damage caused by noise. Methods A large coal mining enterprise in Shaanxi Province was selected as the research object. The noise monitoring data of the coal mine over the years was used to calculate the noise exposure matrix of each post in the enterprise, and the classification of occupational hazards at workplaces (GBZ/T 229.4-2012) was used to assess the occupational health risk levels. Results Among the 22 noise-exposed positions in the enterprise, the 8-hour working day equivalent sound level in positions of shearer driver, horseshoe driver, crusher driver, shuttle driver, relaxation screen driver, and grading screen driver were all higher than the occupational exposure limit of noise. In 2021, the noise exposure levels of shearer drivers, crusher drivers, and coal-selecting workers were all higher than 90 dB (A), and the occupational hazard level was moderate hazard level. In addition, the noise exposure levels of most other jobs also exceeded the occupational exposure limit. Conclusion The noise hazards in the coal mine industry are mainly concentrated in the posts of the coal mining system, tunneling system, and screening workshop. Among them, the shearer driver, the crusher driver, and the coal preparation workers have higher noise exposure levels. It is recommended to take corresponding noise reduction measures and strengthen the protection level to reduce the noise exposure risk of workers.
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Objective To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of curcumin in inhibiting synaptic injury in the cortex of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated group, model group, low-dose curcumin (50 mg/kg) group, and high-dose curcumin (100 mg/kg) group. A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours was constructed, and curcumin was administered. Based on the neurological function score, the effects of curcumin on cerebral infarct volume, synaptic ultrastructure changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, Synapsin1, and CAMKⅡ were observed after the end of the animal treatment. Results The neurological function scores were 0, 3.25±0.43, 2.50±0.50, and 1.50±0.50 for the sham-operated group, model group, low-dose curcumin group, and high-dose curcumin group, respectively. The percentage of cerebral infarct volume was 0, (38.89±2.21)%, (33.48±1.77)%, and (23.69±2.19)%, respectively. Compared with the sham operation group, the model group had severe synaptic ultrastructure damage, extensive inflammatory cell infiltration, significantly increased expression of Caspase-1 and NLRP3 (P < 0.5), and significantly decreased expression of Synapsin1 and CAMKⅡ (P < 0.5). Curcumin treatment significantly inhibited synaptic damage, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased the expression of Caspase-1 and NLRP3 (P < 0.5), and increased the expression of Synapsin1 and CAMKII (P < 0.5), when compared with the model group. Conclusion Ischemia-reperfusion-mediated synaptic injury in rat brain triggers an inflammatory response in cortical nerve cells, and curcumin alleviates synaptic damage and reduces brain injury by inhibiting inflammatory factor levels.
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Objective To investigate the epidemic features and pathogen spectrum distribution of diarrhea cases in Minhang District of Shanghai City so as to provide scientific evidence for developing prevention and control measures. Methods Surveillance on diarrhea was conducted in sentinel hospitals in Minghang District from 2018 to 2020. According to the quantity of outpatients in the monitoring hospital, the stool samples were collected by systematic sampling method according to the fixed interval proportion in the case queue which met the requirements of the monitored cases, and the pathogenic composition and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. Results Among the 721 samples detected , 307(42.58%) were pathogen positive, The main positive bacteria was Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which accounted for 36.11%(39/108) among all positive bacteria.The main positive virus was norovirus GII, which accounted for 24.43%(75/307) among all positive virus. Positive cases were detected among all age groups. 81 positive cases (26.38%) were detected among 31-40 years old, with the highest detection rate. There was no difference in the positive detection rate between genders(χ2= 1.95, P = 0.16). The positive cases showed two peaks during the season of winter and spring. The positive rate of bacteria was highest in the third quarter and positive rate of viruses was highest in the first quarter. The mixed infection rate of bacteria and viruses was highest in the second quarter. Conclusions Diarrhea cases in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2018 to 2020 is caused by a variety of pathogens and related seasonality is obvious in Minghang District, Shanghai City in 2018-2020. It is necessary to take specific prevention based on various pathogens to reduce the incidence of diarrhea.
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Objective To evaluate the mediating effect of lifestyles on the association between family history and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods This study was based on the "Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention of High-risk Populations of Cardiovascular Disease Project". The data were collected from 6 project sites in Hubei Province. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of family history and lifestyle on CVD, and the relationship between family history and lifestyle. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediating effect of lifestyle on the association between family history and CVD. Results A total of 5 871 subjects were included in the study from 2015 to 2016, of whom 500 (8.52%) developed CVD and 484 had family history of CVD. The risk of developing CVD was significantly increased in participants with family history of disease (OR = 1.458, P = 0.014) and in those with high level of physical activity (OR = 1.081, P = 0.026). The increase of leisure physical activity time showed a protective effect on developing CVD (OR = 0.977, P < 0.001). Participants with family history significantly increased leisure physical activity (OR = 2.085, P < 0.001), and were less likely to choose occupations with high levels of physical activity (OR = 0.524, P < 0.001). The results of mediation analysis showed that leisure physical activity and occupational physical activity mediated the relationship between family history and CVD, and the β value of the mediating effects were -0.004 (P = 0.010) and 0.002 (P = 0.045), respectively. The β value of the direct effect of family history on CVD was 0.033 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Leisure physical activity and occupational physical activity might mediate the relationship between family history and CVD. People with family history would reduce the risk of developing CVD by increasing leisure physical activity time and choosing occupations with low levels of physical activity.
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Objective To establish an individual Nomgram model for predicting the risk of coronary heart disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension. Methods From January 2017 to December 2021 , 352 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated with pulmonary hypertension in our hospital were selected, and 352 patients with coronary heart disease but without pulmonary hypertension were selected as the control group. The clinical baseline data of the two groups were analyzed first, and then logistics multivariate analysis was performed. To explore the risk factors of coronary heart disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension, the Nomgram model was established to predict the risk, and the predictive value of the model was tested by receiver characteristic curve (ROC). Results Logistics multivariate analysis showed that alcoholism, smoking, stroke history, hypertension course, CHD course, PASP, HCT, PaCO2, D-dimer, NIHSS score and low PaO2 were all independent risk factors for CHD complicated with pulmonary hypertension. Nomgram model prediction results for patients with coronary heart disease showed that Alcohol abuse, smoking, stroke history, duration of hypertension (5.66 years), duration of coronary heart disease (2.12 years), NIHSS (12.33 points), PASP (75.22mmHg), HCT (33.22%), PaCO2 (56.11mmHg), D-dimer (255.12μg/L), PaO2 (56.22mmHg) is a risk factor for coronary heart disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension. ROC curve showed that the area under the prediction curve of Nomgram model for coronary heart disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension was 0.675. Conclusion Nomgram model can predict pulmonary hypertension in patients with coronary heart disease to a certain extent.