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Autismo: Aspectos genéticos y biológicos / Autism. Genetic and biological aspects
Arberas, Claudia; Ruggieri, Víctor.
  • Arberas, Claudia; Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez. Sección Genética Médica. AR
  • Ruggieri, Víctor; Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan. Buenos Aires. AR
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(1,supl.1): 16-21, abr. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002599
RESUMEN
El autismo es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por compromiso en la interacción social y la comunicación, asociado a intereses restringidos y conductas estereotipadas con gran prevalencia poblacional, bases neurobiológicas y alta heredabilidad. Su etiología es heterogénea y se han reconocido numerosas bases genéticas, factores ambientales y mecanismos epigenéticos. Los avances en la genética molecular, así como los estudios epidemiológicos de grandes cohortes, han posibilitado identificar entidades médicas específicas, así como genes y factores ambientales vinculados parcial o totalmente en su patogenia. Estos conocimientos, conforme las características clínicas, permiten orientar los estudios complementarios, las conductas terapéuticas, inferir un pronóstico clínico y propiciar el asesoramiento genético familiar. En este trabajo analizamos las características clínicas de los trastornos del espectro del autismo, las entidades médicas específicas que están fuertemente relacionadas a los mismos, así como los genes reconocidos, los posibles factores ambientales y los resultados epidemiológicos que permiten el adecuado asesoramiento familiar.
ABSTRACT
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by commitment to social interaction and communication, associated with interests restricted and stereotyped behaviors with a high population prevalence, neurobiological bases and high heritability. Its etiology is heterogeneous, numerous genetic bases, environmental factors and epigenetic mechanisms have been recognized. Advances in molecular genetics, as well as epidemiological studies of large cohorts, have made it possible to identify specific medical entities, as well as genes and environmental factors partially or totally linked in their pathogenesis. This knowledge, according to the clinical characteristics, allows to guide the complementary studies, the therapeutic conducts, to infer a clinical prognosis and to propitiate the familiar genetic advice. In this work, the most prevalent clinical characteristics identified are described; the specific medical entities that are strongly related to autism are stated, as well as the recognized genes, the possible environmental factors and the epidemiological results that allow family counseling.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Autistic Disorder Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Medicina (B.Aires) Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez/AR / Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan/AR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Autistic Disorder Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Medicina (B.Aires) Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez/AR / Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan/AR