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Paraparesia espástica tropical y atrofia cerebelosa / Tropical spastic paraparesis and cerebelar atrophy
Cartier R, Luis.
  • Cartier R, Luis; Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas. Santiago. CL
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 57(1): 64-69, mar. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003679
RESUMEN
Resumen Antecedentes El virus linfotrópico T tipo I (HTLV-I) origina la paraparesia espástica tropical (PET) en el 3% de los infectados, afectando predominante mujeres. Excepcionalmente la PET puede asociar un síndrome vestibular central y atrofia cerebelosa. Propósito Presentar un nuevo y excepcional caso de paraparesia espástica y atrofia cerebelosa. Sugerir una interpretación patogénica del predominio femenino en esta patología Paciente Mujer de 20 años de talla baja y menuda, infectada con HTLV-I durante la lactancia. Aproximadamente a los 15 años inició un síndrome ataxo-espástico progresivo, con grave alteración de la marcha, posteriormente agregó daño cognitivo y atrofia cerebelosa en la RM. Se constató a su ingreso una elevada carga viral y altos niveles de proteína Tax. Fue tratada con 4 mg betametasona diarios durante 10 días, que mejoraron la marcha.

Conclusión:

La PET es una axonopatía de la vía motora central, originada por la crónica perturbación del transporte axoplásmico, atribuible a la presencia de elevados niveles de la proteína Tax del virus. Circunstancialmente este aumento de Tax logra dañar axones del centro oval (deterioro cognitivo) o del vermis cerebeloso (síndrome vestibular central). La PET afecta mayoritariamente a mujeres 31, prevalencia que hace aparecer a las mujeres con una mayor vulnerabilidad en su SNC. Sin embargo, esta aparente minusvalía, sería debida a un aumento en la concentración de Tax en el SNC de ellas, causado por la adversa relación entre peso corporal y cantidad absoluta de Tax, que fue evidente en nuestra paciente, quien dio la clave para esta hipótesis.
ABSTRACT

Background:

Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) causes Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (PET) in 3% of infected patients; in whom have been described exceptionally associated a central vestibular syndrome and cerebellar atrophy. Those alterations of CNS are predominating in women.

Purpose:

To present a new case of the exceptional form of spastic paraparesis and cerebellar atrophy. To suggest a pathogenic interpretation of female predominance in this pathology Patient A 20-year-old woman of small size, infected with HTLV-I during lactation. Approximately at 15 years of age he started a progressive ataxo-spastic syndrome, later cognitive damage and cerebellar atrophy were added. Upon admission, high viral load and high levels of Tax protein, leukemoid lymphocytes and Sicca syndrome were observed.

Conclusion:

PET is an axonopathy of the central motor pathway, originated by a chronic disturbance of axoplasmic transport, attributable to the action of elevated levels of Tax protein in the CNS. In addition axons of the oval center (cognitive impairment) or the cerebellar vermis (central vestibular syndrome) are occasionally damaged. Although PET mainly affects 3 1 women, this prevalence increases in accordance with the increase of neurological damage. The apparent greater vulnerability of the CNS in women would be due to the higher concentration of Tax in the CNS of them, originated in the adverse relationship between body weight and absolute amount of Tax, which was evident in our patient, who gave the key to this hypothesis.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Atrophy / Axons / Syndrome / Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic Type of study: Risk factors Limits: Adult / Female / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr Journal subject: Neurology / Psychiatry Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Chile/CL

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Atrophy / Axons / Syndrome / Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic Type of study: Risk factors Limits: Adult / Female / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr Journal subject: Neurology / Psychiatry Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Chile/CL