Carotid angioplasty in diabetic patients carriers of critical carotid stenosis. Experience in a hospital in Mexico; results and six-month follow-up / Angioplastia carotídea en pacientes diabéticos portadores de estenosis carotídea crítica. Experiencia en un hospital en México; resultados y seguimiento a seis meses

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of diabetic status on outcome of patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS). Background: Diabetes has been demonstrated to be a strong predictor of adverse outcome in patients undergoing coronary revascularization. Its significance in predicting outcome of patients undergoing carotid interventions has not been ascertained. Methods: This research is an observational, retrospective, comparative, descriptive study. Results: 279/341 patients/lesions were evaluated for carotid stenosis undergoing stenting. Non-diabetics versus diabetics were compared. Of the diabetic group, 59.5% were men, mostly hypertensive and with hypercholesterolemia. More than 40% of both groups had a prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 68.2% were asymptomatic and a half was high risk, greater comorbidity in the diabetic group with an EuroSCORE > 3, 46 vs 21.4% p = 0.000. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 30 days and accumulated six months in the non-diabetic group (non-DM) versus the diabetic (DM) nine patients (5.4%) versus eight (4.8%), p = 0.756 OR, 95% CI 0.857 (0.322-2.27) and 14 (8.3%) versus nine (5.3%), p = 0.249 OR, 95% CI 0.604 (0254-1435), respectively. Diabetic patients treated with carotid stent who underwent cardiovascular surgery showed a higher intrahospitalary mortality (4.6 vs 0.6%, p = 0.02). There was a higher rate of restenosis (1.9 vs 0%, p = 0.077) in non-diabetic patients. An increased incidence of TIA (transient ischemic attack) was observed in diabetic patients (8.7 vs 3.6%, p = 0.05). Conclusion: Diabetics undergoing CAS are more likely to have associated co-morbidities. However despite this handicap, their short term outcome after CAS is similar to that of non diabetics. Endovascular treatment of carotid stenosis may be a good alternative to surgical treatment.(AU)

RESUMEN

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del estado diabético sobre el resultado de los pacientes que se someten a la colocación de stents en la arteria carótida (CAS). Antecedentes Se ha demostrado que la diabetes es un fuerte predictor de resultados adversos en pacientes sometidos a revascularización coronaria. No se ha determinado su importancia para predecir el resultado de los pacientes que se someten a intervenciones carotídeas. Métodos: Esta investigación es un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, comparativo y descriptivo. Resultados: Se evaluaron 279/341 pacientes/lesiones para la estenosis carotídea sometida a colocación de stents. Se compararon los no diabéticos versus los diabéticos. Del grupo diabético, 59.5% fueron hombres, la mayoría hipertensos y con hipercolesterolemia. Más del 40% de ambos grupos tuvieron una intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP) previa, el 68.2% fueron asintomáticos y la mitad de ellos de alto riesgo, mayor comorbilidad en el grupo diabético con un EuroSCORE > 3, 46 vs 21.4% p = 0.000. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a los eventos cardiovasculares adversos mayores (MACE) a los 30 días y acumulados a los seis meses en el grupo no diabético (no DM) versus diabético (DM) nueve pacientes (5.4%) versus ocho (4.8%), p = 0.756 OR; IC 95% 0.857 (0.322-2.27) y 14 (8.3%) versus nueve (5.3%), p = 0.249 OR; IC 95% 0.604 (0254-1435), respectivamente. Los pacientes diabéticos tratados con endoprótesis carotídea sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular mostraron una mortalidad intrahospitalaria mayor (4.6 vs 0.6%, p = 0.02). Hubo una mayor tasa de reestenosis (1.9 vs 0%, p = 0.077) en pacientes no diabéticos. Se observó una mayor incidencia de AIT (ataque isquémico transitorio) en pacientes diabéticos (8.7 vs 3.6%, p = 0.05). Conclusión: Los diabéticos que se someten a la CAS son más propensos a tener comorbilidades asociadas. Sin embargo, a pesar de esta desventaja, su resultado a corto plazo después del CAS es similar al de los no diabéticos. El tratamiento endovascular de la estenosis carotídea puede ser una buena alternativa al tratamiento quirúrgico.(AU)