Efeitos de um programa de intervenção interdisciplinar sobre a função pulmonar, força de membros superiores e aptidão cardiorrespiratória de adolescentes com excesso de peso / Effects of an interdisciplinary intervention program on pulmonary function, strength of superior members and cardiorespiratory fitness of teens with overweight

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção sobre a função pulmonar, aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR) e força explosiva de membros superiores (FMS) de adolescentes com excesso de peso. De caráter quase-experimental, o estudo avaliou 46 adolescentes com excesso de peso, alocados no Grupo Experimental (GE) (n=23) e Grupo Controle (GC) (n=23). O GE participou do programa de intervenção interdisciplinar, três vezes por semana, com orientação nutricional, psicológica e exercícios físicos ao longo de seis meses. Foram realizadas avaliações, da função pulmonar, APCR e FMS de ambos os grupos, antes e após o programa. A análise estatística realizada no programa SPSS, comparou os resultados pré e pós-teste, entre os grupos, utilizando o teste t Student para amostras independentes e o teste de Mann-Whitney. A comparação intragrupos foi realizada através do teste Student ou Wilcoxon (p<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre o GE e GC na comparação das variáveis espirométricas referentes à função pulmonar, APCR e FMS, tanto no pré-teste, quanto no pósteste. Na comparação intragrupo, o programa de intervenção foi eficaz no aumento da APCR (p=0,035) e da FMS (p=0,009) nos adolescentes do sexo masculino do grupo experimental. No GC houve redução do fluxo expiratório forçado entre 25 e 75% da curva de capacidade vital forçada (FEF25/75 (% predito)) no sexo masculino (p=0,039). Conclui-se que, embora o programa de intervenção não tenha demonstrado modificações significativas nos parâmetros avaliados na comparação intergrupos, observou-se melhora da APCR e FMS do sexo masculino do GE, ressaltando a importância da prática de atividade física orientada....(AU)

ABSTRACT

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of an interdisciplinary intervention program on lung function, cardiorespiratory fitness and upper limb strength in overweight schoolchildren. The study is characterized as quasi-experimental, performed with adolescents diagnosed with overweight /obesity, constituted by experimental group and control group. The experimental group participated in an interdisciplinary program with a duration of six months, and an evaluation was carried out prior to and at the end of the program. The intervention sessions were performed on three days of the week and constituted by physical exercises, nutritional and psychological orientation. Anthropometric assessments, cardiorespiratory fitness, upper limb explosive force and pulmonary function were performed. For the comparison of the variables in the pre- and post-test moments, between the control and experimental groups, the t test was used for independent samples and the Mann-Whitney test was used for the nonparametric variables. In the intragroup comparison, the t-test for paired samples was used for the variables of normal distribution and, for non-parametric variables, the Wilcoxon test was applied. The tests performed adopted the level of significance of p <0.05. In the intragroup comparison, the male gender of the experimental group showed a significant increase in cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.035) and upper limb explosive force (p = 0.009). There was a reduction in forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of the forced vital capacity curve (FEF25/75% predicted) in the male sex of the CG (p <0.039). The female sex of both groups did not show significant alterations in the evaluated parameters. In conclusion, the intervention program was effective in increasing the levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and explosive strength of upper limbs of the male adolescents of the experimental group. Spirometric parameters did not show significant changes in both sexes....(AU)