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Normal-pressure hydrocephalus: A critical review / Hidrocefalia de pressão normal: uma revisão crítica
Oliveira, Louise Makarem; Nitrini, Ricardo; Román, Gustavo C.
  • Oliveira, Louise Makarem; Federal University of Amazonas. School of Medicine. Manaus. BR
  • Nitrini, Ricardo; University of São Paulo. Medical School. Department of Neurology. São Paulo. BR
  • Román, Gustavo C; Neurological Institute. Neurology Weill Cornell Medical College Methodist. US
Dement. neuropsychol ; 13(2): 133-143, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011963
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a potentially reversible syndrome characterized by enlarged cerebral ventricles (ventriculomegaly), cognitive impairment, gait apraxia and urinary incontinence. A critical review of the concept, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of both idiopathic and secondary NPH was conducted. We searched Medline and PubMed databases from January 2012 to December 2018 using the keywords "normal-pressure hydrocephalus" / "idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus" / "secondary normal-pressure hydrocephalus" / "NPH" / "ventriculoperitoneal shunt". The initial search produced 341 hits. After careful selection, a total of 54 articles were chosen and additional relevant studies were included during the process of writing this article. NPH is an important cause of potentially reversible dementia, frequent falls and recurrent urinary infections in the elderly. The clinical and imaging features of NPH may be incomplete or nonspecific, posing a diagnostic challenge for medical doctors and often requiring expert assessment to minimize unsuccessful surgical treatments. Recent advances resulting from the use of non-invasive MRI methods for quantifying cerebral blood flow, in particular arterial spin-labeling (ASL), and the frequent association of NPH and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), offer new avenues to understand and treat NPH.
RESUMO
RESUMO. A hidrocefalia de pressão normal (HPN) é uma síndrome potencialmente reversível marcada por ventrículos cerebrais alargados (ventriculomegalia), declínio cognitivo, apraxia da marcha e incontinência urinária. Revisar criticamente o conceito, a fisiopatologia, o diagnóstico e o tratamento da HPN idiopática e secundária. Os autores acessaram as bases de dados Medline e Pubmed entre janeiro de 2012 e dezembro de 2018, utilizando as palavras-chave "normal-pressure hydrocephalus" / "idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus" / "secondary normal-pressure hydrocephalus" / "NPH" / "ventriculoperitoneal shunt". A busca inicial resultou em 341 artigos. Após cuidadosa seleção, 54 estudos foram escolhidos e pesquisas adicionais foram incluídas durante o processo de elaboração do manuscrito. A HPN é uma importante causa de demência potencialmente reversível, quedas frequentes e infecção urinária recorrente em idosos. As características clínicas e de imagem da HPN podem ser incompletas ou inespecíficas, de modo que este se torna um diagnóstico difícil para médicos. Não raro uma avaliação por especialista é necessária, visando minimizar tratamentos cirúrgicos ineficazes. Avanços recentes advindos do uso não invasivo de ressonância magnética para quantificação do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral, em particular arterial spin-labeling (ASL), assim como a usual associação entre HPN e apneia obstrutiva do sono representam novos meios de entender e de tratar a HPN.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Spinal Puncture / Urinary Incontinence / Accidental Falls / Dementia / Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Dement. neuropsychol Journal subject: NEUROCIENCIAS / Neurology / Psychology / Psychiatry Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil / United States Institution/Affiliation country: Federal University of Amazonas/BR / Neurological Institute/US / University of São Paulo/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Spinal Puncture / Urinary Incontinence / Accidental Falls / Dementia / Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Dement. neuropsychol Journal subject: NEUROCIENCIAS / Neurology / Psychology / Psychiatry Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil / United States Institution/Affiliation country: Federal University of Amazonas/BR / Neurological Institute/US / University of São Paulo/BR