Factores asociados a la alteración de la glicemia basal en el primer control posterior a una hospitalización en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Factors associated with the alteration of baseline glycemia in the first posthospitalization checkup in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados a la alteración de la glicemia basal en el primer control posterior a una hospitalización en pacientes con DM2. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de casos y controles, en proporción 11. Se analizaron 100 registros médicos de pacientes con DM2, de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, con un control médico dentro de los 3 primeros meses posteriores a la hospitalización. Los casos definidos mediante glicemia basal elevada (> 130 mg/dL) y los controles definidos como glicemia normal (≤ 130 mg/dL). Se calculó medias y porcentajes, se usó la prueba Chi² y regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Niveles elevados de glicemia al ingreso (OR 2.7, p< 0.05), niveles elevados de glicemia al alta (OR 3.7, p< 0.005), HbA1c ≥ 9 % durante la hospitalización (OR 2.9, p< 0.05), niveles elevados de triglicéridos (OR 2.6, p< 0.05) y no cumplimiento del tratamiento prescrito (OR 2.15, p< 0.005) se asociaron a una glicemia basal elevada en el primer control post hospitalización. Conclusiones: Los niveles elevados de triglicéridos y el incumplimiento de indicaciones son factores de riesgo asociados a un pobre control glicémico en la primera consulta externa luego de la hospitalización.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the alteration of baseline glycemia in the first post-hospitalization checkup in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Materials and methods: A retrospective observational case-control study was performed in a 11 ratio. One hundred (100) medical records of patients of both genders and over 18 years of age with T2DM who had a medical checkup within the first 3 months after hospitalization were analyzed. Cases were defined as those with high baseline glycemia (> 130 mg/dL) and controls were defined as those who had normal glycemic levels (≤ 130 mg/dL). Mean and percentages were estimated using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results: Elevated glycemic levels at admission (OR 2.7, p <0.05), elevated glycemic levels at discharge (OR 3.7, p <0.005), HbA1c ≥ 9 % during hospitalization (OR 2.9, p <0.05), high levels of triglycerides (OR 2.6, p <0.05), and failure to comply with prescribed treatment (OR 2.15, p <0.005) were associated with high baseline glycemia in the first posthospitalization checkup. Conclusions: High levels of triglycerides and non-compliance with indications are risk factors associated with poor glycemic control at the first outpatient visit after hospitalization.