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Hiperbilirrubinemia severa en recién nacidos, factores de riesgo y secuelas neurológicas / Severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns, risk factors and neurological outcomes
Campbell Wagemann, Stephanie; Mena Nannig, Patricia.
  • Campbell Wagemann, Stephanie; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. División de Pediatría. CL
  • Mena Nannig, Patricia; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Centro Asistencial Dr. Sotero del Rio. Unidad de Neonatología. Santiago. CL
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 90(3): 267-274, jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013833
RESUMEN

INTRODUCCIÓN:

La hiperbilirrubinemia es altamente prevalente en los recién nacidos, con riesgo de compromiso neurológico con bilirrubinemias mayor a 20-25 mg/dl. Esta progresión es prevenible con detección y tratamiento precoz.

OBJETIVO:

Describir incidencia y factores asociados en pacientes hospitalizados con hiperbilirrubinemia mayor de 20 mg/dl, y el seguimiento de casos sintomáticos durante hospitalización. PACIENTES Y

MÉTODO:

Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con hiperbilirru- binemia severa, entre el 2013 y 2016. Se evaluaron factores de riesgo, estratificándose por nivel de bilirrubina, edad de ingreso y edad gestacional. Se compararon los datos con test exacto de Fisher, chi cuadrado y riesgo relativo (RR) en una base de excel, con un error alfa de un p<0.05. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de la epicrisis electrónica y de la ficha de control a nivel secundarios.

RESULTADOS:

Durante el periodo, de 25.288 recién nacidos vivos (RNV), 593 se hospitalizaron por hiperbilirrubinemia mayor de 20 mg/dl, 1 por cada 42 RNV; y 59 con bilirrubinemia mayor a 25 mg/dl, 1 por cada 428 RNV. La hiperbilirrubinemia fue más frecuente en varones, con RR 1,22 (IC 95% 1,04-1,44) y en pretérminos tardíos, con un RR 2,39 (IC 95% 1,96-2,93) comparado con RN de término. En los ingresados con más de 4 días, el principal factor asociado fue la baja de peso excesiva, y en los primeros 3 días, la incompatibilidad de grupo clásico. Tres de 10 pacientes con encefalopatía aguda, persistieron con compromiso neurológico, lo que significa 11,8 por 100.000 nacidos vivos.

CONCLUSIONES:

Los principales factores de riesgo para desarrollar hiperbilirrubinemia severa fueron prematurez, baja de peso excesiva, incompatibilidad de grupo clásico y sexo masculino. Estos hallazgos permiten focalizar la atención en grupos de riesgo y disminuir la probabilidad de daño neurológico.
ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

Hyperbilirubinemia is highly prevalent in newborns, with risk of neurological invol vement with bilirubinemia higher than 20 to 25 mg/dl. This progression is preventable with early de tection and treatment.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the incidence and associated factors in hospitalized pa tients with hyperbilirubinemia higher than 20 mg/dl, and the follow-up of symptomatic cases during hospitalization. OATIENTS Y

METHOD:

Retrospective study of patients with severe hyperbilirubine mia, between 2013 and 2016. Risk factors were evaluated, stratifying by bilirubin level, admission age, and gestational age. The data were compared with Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, and relative risk (RR) in an Excel database, with an alpha error of p <0.05. The data were obtained from the electronic discharge summary and the medical record of secondary level follow-up.

RESULTS:

During the studied period, out of 25,288 live newborns (NB), 593 were hospitalized due to hyperbilirubinemia higher than 20 mg/dl, one per each 42 live NB; and 59 with bilirubinemia higher than 25 mg/dl, one per each 428 live NB. Hyperbilirubinemia was more frequent in males, with RR 1.22 (95% CI 1.04-1.44), and in late preterm newborns, with RR 2.39 (95% CI 1.96-2.93) compared with term NB. In those admitted with more than four days, the main associated factor was excessive weight loss, whereas in the first three days was classic group incompatibility. Three of ten cases with acute encephalopathy persisted with neurological involvement, which means 11.8 per 100,000 live births.

CONCLUSIONS:

The main risk factors for developing severe hyperbilirubinemia were prematurity, excessive weight loss, classic group incompatibility, and male sex. These findings allow to focus attention on risk groups and decrease the probability of neurological damage.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Weight Loss / Gestational Age / Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal Type of study: Etiology study / Incidence study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Infant, Newborn Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. pediatr Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile/CL

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Weight Loss / Gestational Age / Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal Type of study: Etiology study / Incidence study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Infant, Newborn Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. pediatr Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile/CL