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Las distorsiones cognitivas y el riesgo de suicidio en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos y colombianos: un estudio descriptivo-correlacional / Cognitive distortions and risk for suicidal behaviors, considering Chilean and Colombian adolescents as sample: A descriptive-correlational study is conducted
Victoria-Álvarez, Luisa; Ayala-Moreno, Nora Yamilet; Bascuñán-Cisternas, Ricardo.
  • Victoria-Álvarez, Luisa; Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Cali. CO
  • Ayala-Moreno, Nora Yamilet; Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Cali. CO
  • Bascuñán-Cisternas, Ricardo; Universidad Central de Chile. Santiago de Chile. CL
rev. psicogente ; 22(41): 200-221, ene.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1014782
RESUMEN
Resumen

Objetivo:

Determinar la relación entre las distorsiones cognitivas y el riesgo de suicidio en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos y colombianos.

Método:

Este es un estudio descriptivo correlacional, de corte no experimental y transversal. El riesgo de suicidio se estableció con la Escala de Suicidalidad de Okasha y se identificaron las distorsiones cognitivas mediante el Inventario de Pensamientos Automáticos de Ruiz y Lujan. Ambas pruebas se realizaron en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos (n = 200; Colegio Alma Mater) y colombianos (n = 200; Institución Educativa Santa Librada) entre los 13 y 18 años de edad. Se seleccionó la muestra mediante un muestreo no probabilístico e intencional, y los participantes se separaron en grupo con riesgo de suicidio y grupo sin riesgo de suicidio (control). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la muestra, y una comparación de las distorsiones cognitivas entre los grupos. Finalmente, el análisis inferencial de los datos identificó la relación e intensidad entre distorsiones cognitivas y riesgo de suicidio.

Resultados:

Se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre las distorsiones cognitivas y riesgo de suicidio, y las siguientes distorsiones presentaron la mayor intensidad en chilenos y colombianos Filtraje, Interpretación del Pensamiento, Pensamiento Polarizado y Sobregeneralización. La correlación entre los resultados de adolescentes chilenos y colombianos es positiva y alta.

Conclusiones:

Los resultados del presente estudio permitirán prevenir el riesgo de suicidio en adolescentes chilenos y colombianos mediante la evaluación de estas distorsiones cognitivas, las que también podrán guiar intervenciones psicoterapéuticas reduciendo significativamente la severidad y riesgo de cometer suicidio.
ABSTRACT
Abstract

Objective:

This paper aims to determine the relationship between cognitive distortions and risk for suicidal behaviors considering Chilean and Colombian adolescents as sample.

Method:

A descriptive-correlational, non-experimental and transversal study was conducted. The risk of suicide was assessed with screening scale of suicidality (scale of Okasha) and the cognitive distortions were determined through Automatic Thoughts Inventory by Ruiz and Lujan. Both of the tests were performed in Chilean (n = 200; from Alma Mater School) and Colombian adolescents as sample (n = 200; educational institution Santa Librada). These adolescents were between 13-18 years-old. This sample was selected through non-probabilistic intentional sample procedure, and the individuals were divided in two groups one of them are at risk of suicide and the other without suicidal risk (control). A descriptive analysis of the sample, as well as a comparison of the cognitive distortions between groups was performed. Finally, inferential analysis of data is used to determine the relationship and the intensity between cognitive distortions and the risk for suicidal behaviors.

Results:

A significant relationship between the cognitive distortions and the suicide risk was found, and the following presented the highest intensity between Chilean and Colombian individuals Filtration, Interpretation of Though, Polarized Though and Overgeneralization). Moreover, the relationship between the results in Chilean and Colombian adolescents was positive and strong.

Conclusions:

Results of this study will allow to prevent risk for suicidal behaviors in Chilean and Colombian adolescents, assessing these cognitive distortions, which make possible to conduct psychotherapeutic interventions significantly, reducing the risk for suicidal behaviors.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Suicide / Thinking / Behavior / Risk Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Prognostic study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adolescent / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile / Colombia Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. psicogente Journal subject: Psicologia Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile / Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Central de Chile/CL / Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia/CO

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Suicide / Thinking / Behavior / Risk Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Prognostic study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adolescent / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile / Colombia Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. psicogente Journal subject: Psicologia Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile / Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Central de Chile/CL / Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia/CO