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Ausencia de efectos adversos del SNC en tratamientos de más de tres años con efavirenz / Abscense of CNS adverse reactions of efavirenz therapy after three years of treatment
Castro, Fabián M.
  • Castro, Fabián M; Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "Prof. Dr. R. Carrillo". Buenos Aires. AR
Prensa méd. argent ; 105(1): 16-23, mar 2019. graf, fig
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1026319
RESUMEN
En el presente trabajo se seleccionaron pacientes adultos HIV en tratamiento antirretroviral que contenían efavirenz de más de tres años de duración que hubieron tenido efectos adversos del sistema nervioso central iniciales, comprobando la desaparición completa de los mismos en el 94% de los pacientes evaluados al cabo de 36 meses de tratamiento. Se empleó como método el análisis observacional retrospectivo, utilizando una encuesta de valoración de frecuencia temporal de efectos adversos del sistema nervioso central. Se tuvieron en cuenta los siguientes mareos depresión; trastornos del sueño; pesadillas e ideación suicida. De los efectos adversos del sistema nervioso central investigados, los más frecuente fue pesadillas 100% y mareos 81%. Esta frecuencia decreciente hasta su desaparición, fortalece la hipótesis del "fenómeno de tolerancia" similar al observado con ciertas indolaminas, debido a que efavirenz presenta una similitud estructural con estas e interacciona con algunos receptores de la superfamilia de receptores de 5 hidroxitriptamina (5HT). Además las diferencias interindividuales de efectos adversos del SNC podrían estar dadas por las diferencias alélicas en citocromo p 450 que determinan niveles plasmáticos de metabólitos hidroxilados neurotóxicos
ABSTRACT
In the present study, adult HIV patients were selected on antiretroviral treatment that contained efavirenz for more than three years that had adverse effects on the initial central nervous system, proving their complete disappearance in 94% of the patients evaluated after 36 months of treatment. A retrospective observational analysis was used as a method, using a survey of temporal frequency assessment of adverse effects of the central nervous system. The following were taken into account dizziness; anxiety; depression; sleep disorders; nightmares and suicidal ideation. Of the adverse effects of the central nervous system investigated, the most frequent was nightmares 100% and dizziness 81%. This decreasing frequency until its disappearance, strengthens the hypothesis of the "tolerance phenomenon" similar to that observed with certain indolamines, because efavirenz has a structural similarity with these and interacts with some receptors of the superfamily of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptors. In addition, the interindividual differences of CNS adverse effects could be due to allelic differences in cytochrome p 450 that determine plasma levels of neurotoxic hydroxylated metabolites.
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Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Central Nervous System / Retrospective Studies / HIV / Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Time-to-Treatment / Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination Type of study: Observational study / Risk factors Limits: Adult / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Prensa méd. argent Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "Prof. Dr. R. Carrillo"/AR

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Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Central Nervous System / Retrospective Studies / HIV / Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Time-to-Treatment / Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination Type of study: Observational study / Risk factors Limits: Adult / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Prensa méd. argent Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "Prof. Dr. R. Carrillo"/AR