El concepto de persona; como determinante del cuidado / The person concept; like determinant of the care / The person concept; like determinant of the care

RESUMEN

Al revisar la evolución del conocimiento enfermero, Fawcet, identifica como componentes coincidentes citados por las teóricas 4 elementos que forman el metaparadigma constituido por; persona, cuidado, salud y entorno, cabe hacer notar que el concepto de cada uno de ellos, está influenciado por la visión de la teórica que lo ha definido y por la corriente de pensamiento de la que surge. Para ello se revisa la evolución que el concepto de persona ha tenido en México, influido por los antecedentes prehispánicos, la herencia vocacional religiosa y el desarrollo del concepto en el cuidado contemporáneo, a partir de la educación formal de las enfermeras en los hospitales a finales del siglo XIX, principios del XX, lo que tiene un impacto determinante en la visión de cuidado y persona, ya que centra la atención en la enfermedad, lo biológico y la técnica, enfoque que ha predominado hasta fechas recientes. Recientemente existe interés en comprender al hombre en su dimensión de individuo, en percibirlo como tal y trascender a la humanización del cuidado, para ello las teóricas han incursionado en otras áreas del conocimiento. La propuesta de éste ensayo es profundizar desde la filosofía el concepto de persona, para entender que se debe constituir la atención para cada sujeto, para ayudar a su trascendencia como tal.

ABSTRACT

In a constant review of the evolution of nursing knowledge, Fawcet identifies four balanced components quoted by theory 4 elements as part of the met paradigm, which are Person, Care, Health and Surroundings. It's important to notice that the meaning of each of the concepts mentioned above is influenced by the vision of the theory that is has defined it and from the source these concepts come from. That is why the evolution of the concept of person is reviewed constantly in Mexico, influenced as well by its prehispanic background, religious heritage and the development of the concept as far as contemporary care is concerned since the formal education of nurses took place in hospitals at the end of the XIX century, the beginning of the XX century. This evolution has a determinant impact in the vision of the care and person, which focuses on the aliment, the biological field and the skill, approach that has been determinant up to the present. Recently, there exist an interest in understanding the concept of man in its individual dimension, in understanding him as such, and transcend it to the humanization of the care, in which quite a few new techniques have been developed and integrated in other areas of knowledge. The proposal of this essay is to get into these concepts in a deeper way from the philosophy of the concept of person, to understand that all the attention should be drawn to the individual, to help himgo beyond his expectancies.