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The tale of lenalidomide clinical superiority over thalidomide and regulatory and cost-effectiveness issues / A narrativa de que a lenalidomida é clinicamente superior à talidomida, e questões regulatórias e de custo-efetividade
Paumgartten, Francisco José Roma.
  • Paumgartten, Francisco José Roma; Fiocruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Rio de Janeiro. BR
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(10): 3783-3792, Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039475
ABSTRACT
Abstract In April 2017, the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA-Brazil) approved lenalidomide (LEN) for multiple myeloma (MM) and myelodysplastic syndrome. ANVISA had rejected the first application in 2010, and denied a request for reconsideration in 2012. The reason for rejection was the lack of comparative effectiveness studies proving that LEN was more effective than thalidomide (THAL), a strictly controlled drug regulated by Federal law 10.651/2003 and dispensed to patients (at no costs) through public health system units and hospitals. ANVISA unexplained retreat on the LEN approval for marketing was an unquestionable triumph of the lobbying that ensued the denial, at the forefront of which were politicians, Congress members, patient organizations and medical societies. Two randomized (phase III) trials and three observational (case-control and population-based cohort) compared the effectiveness of THAL- versus LEN-based therapies in MM. Overall, these studies showed no difference in efficacy between LEN- and THAL-based therapies. LEN caused less neuropathy, and more severe hematologic adverse effects. It is much costlier than THAL, and substitution of THAL by LEN shall raise considerably public healthcare costs in Brazil.
RESUMO
Resumo A Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) aprovou em abril de 2017 a lenalidomida (LEN) para o mieloma múltiplo (MM) e síndrome mielodisplásica. A ANVISA havia negado o registro em 2010, e indeferido um recurso apresentado em 2012. O motivo do indeferimento foi a falta de estudos comparativos de efetividade demonstrando que LEN era mais eficaz do que a talidomida (TAL), um medicamento rigorosamente controlado pela lei federal 10.651/2003 e dispensado gratuitamente a pacientes através de unidades de saúde e hospitais públicos. O recuo não explicado da ANVISA em relação ao registro da LEN foi um inquestionável triunfo do lobby que sucedeu a recusa inicial do registro, a frente do qual estavam políticos, membros do Congresso, associações de pacientes e sociedades médicas. Dois ensaios randomizados (fase III) e três estudos observacionais (caso-controle e coorte de base populacional) compararam a efetividade de terapias para o MM com TAL- e com LEN. Em conjunto, esses estudos mostraram que não havia diferenças quanto a eficácia de tratamentos com LEN- e aqueles com TAL. A LEN causou menos neuropatias, e efeitos adversos hematológicos mais graves. Ela é muito mais cara do que a TAL, e a substituição da TAL pela LEN aumentará muito os custos da assistência pública à saúde no Brasil.
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Thalidomide / Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Drug and Narcotic Control / Lenalidomide Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Health economic evaluation / Observational study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Fiocruz/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Thalidomide / Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Drug and Narcotic Control / Lenalidomide Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Health economic evaluation / Observational study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Fiocruz/BR