Association between the consumption of antioxidant nutrients with lipid alterations and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents / Associação entre o consumo de nutrientes antioxidantes com alterações lipídicas e risco cardiometabólico em adolescentes

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed at validating the associations between the consumption of antioxidant nutrients as well as lipid alterations and cardiometabolic risks in adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study included 327 adolescents aged 14-19 years. Sociodemographic and dietary information, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and biochemical data were obtained. Cardiometabolic risk was calculated by aggregating the risk factors, which were expressed as the sum of Z-scores. Poisson regression was performed to estimate the prevalence ratios. Results In boys, low intake of zinc was associated with elevated total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, whereas it was associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels in girls, thus indicating a cardiometabolic risk. Furthermore, low intake of copper was associated with high triglyceride levels and cardiometabolic risk in girls. The high prevalence ratios of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels and cardiometabolic risk were higher in those with low intake of vitamin A. Among girls, associations were also observed between lower intake of vitamin A and high triglyceride levels. Low intake of vitamin C among boys was associated with elevated high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Among girls, the intake of this vitamin was associated with lower low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In girls, low intake of vitamin E was associated with low low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and high total cholesterol levels. Conclusion The associations between antioxidant micronutrients as well as lipid alterations and cardiometabolic risk emphasize the importance of encouraging the consumption of foods that are rich in these nutrients to modulate lipid alterations and cardiometabolic risk.

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar as associações entre o consumo de nutrientes antioxidantes e as alterações lipídicas e o risco cardiometabólico em adolescentes. Métodos Trata-se de estudo transversal com 327 adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos de idade. Investigaram-se dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos, pressóricos, bioquímicos e de consumo alimentar. O risco cardiometabólico foi calculado por meio da agregação dos fatores de risco, expressa pela soma dos escores Z. Realizou-se a regressão de Poisson para estimar as razões de prevalência. Resultados O baixo consumo de zinco associou-se a elevados níveis de CT e triglicérides para os meninos, e a níveis baixos de HDL-c e elevados de LDL-c e CT para as meninas, demonstrando risco. Além disso, a baixa ingestão de cobre associou-se a altos níveis de triglicérides e risco cardiometabólico para as meninas. A razão de prevalência nos níveis elevados de LDL-c, CT e risco cardiometabólico foi maior entre os adolescentes que apresentavam baixa ingestão de vitamina A. Foram observadas também associações, no sexo feminino, da menor ingestão de vitamina A com altos níveis de triglicérides. A baixa ingestão de vitamina C nos meninos mostrou associações com LDL-c e triglicérides elevado, enquanto nas meninas essa vitamina associou-se com menores níveis de HDL-c. O baixo consumo de vitamina E, para as meninas, apresentou associações com níveis baixos de HDL-c e elevados de CT. Conclusão As associações entre os micronutrientes antioxidantes e as alterações lipídicas e risco cardiometabólico ressaltam a importância de estimular o consumo de alimentos que sejam fonte desses nutrientes, com o objetivo de modular as alterações lipídicas e o risco cardiometabólico.