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High HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Jamaica is associated with social vulnerability and other sexually transmitted infections / La alta prevalencia del VIH entre hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres en Jamaica se halla asociada con vulnerabilidad social e infecciones de transmisión sexual
Figueroa, JP; Weir, SS; Jones-Cooper, C; Byfield, L; Hobbs, MM; McKnight, I; Cummings, S.
  • Figueroa, JP; The University of the West Indies. Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. Kingston 7. JM
  • Weir, SS; University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill. US
  • Jones-Cooper, C; Ministry of Health. Kingston. JM
  • Byfield, L; Ministry of Health. Kingston. JM
  • Hobbs, MM; University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill. US
  • McKnight, I; Jamaica AIDS Support for Life. Kingston. JM
  • Cummings, S; University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill. US
West Indian med. j ; 62(4): 286-291, 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045646
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) is thought to be high in Jamaica. The objective of this study was to estimate HIV prevalence and identify risk factors in order to improve prevention approaches.

METHODS:

With the help of influential MSM, an experienced research nurse approached MSM in four parishes to participate in a cross-sectional survey in 2007. Men who have sex with men were interviewed and blood taken for HIV and syphilis tests, and urine taken for gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomonas testing using transcription-mediated amplification assays. A structured questionnaire was administered by the nurse.

RESULTS:

One third (65 of 201; 32%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 25.2, 47.9) of MSM were HIV positive. Prevalence of other sexually transmitted infections (STI) was chlamydia 11%, syphilis 6%, gonorrhoea 3.5% and trichomonas 0%. One third (34%) of MSM identified themselves as being homosexual, 64% as bisexual and 1.5% as heterosexual. HIV positive MSM were significantly more likely to have ever been told by a doctor that they had an STI (48% vs 27%, OR 2.48 CI 1.21, 5.04, p = 0.01) and to be the receptive sexual partner at last sex (41% vs 23%, OR 2.41 CI 1.21, 4.71, p = 0.008). Men who have sex with men who were of low socio-economic status, ever homeless and victims of physical violence were twice as likely to be HIV positive. The majority (60%) of HIV positive MSM had not disclosed their status to their partner and over 50% were not comfortable disclosing their status to anyone.

CONCLUSIONS:

The high HIV prevalence among MSM is an important factor driving the HIV epidemic in Jamaica. More effective ways need to be found to reduce the high prevalence of HIV among MSM including measures to reduce their social vulnerability, combat stigma and discrimination and empower them to practice safe sex.
RESUMEN
ANTECEDENTES Se piensa que la prevalencia del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) entre hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) es alta en Jamaica. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia del VIH e identificar los factores de riesgo a fin de mejorar las estrategias de prevención.

MÉTODOS:

Con la ayuda de HSH influyentes, una enfermera investigadora experimentada abordó a HSH en cuatro distritos, recabando su participación en una encuesta transversal en 2007. Se entrevistó a hombres que tienen sexo con hombres, y se tomaron muestras de sangre para realizar pruebas de VIH. Asimismo se tomaron muestras de orina para hacer pruebas de gonorrea, clamidia y trichomonas, usando ensayos de amplificación mediada por transcripción. Un cuestionario estructurado fue aplicado por la enfermera.

RESULTADOS:

Un tercio (65 de 201; 32%, 95% intervalo de confianza (IC) 25.2, 47.9) de los HSH fueron VIH positivos. La prevalencia de otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) fue como sigue clamidia 11%, sífilis 6%, gonorrea 3.5%, y trichomonas 0%. Un tercio (34%) de los HSH se identificaron como homosexuales, 64% como bisexuales, y un 1.5% como heterosexuales. Los HSH que resultaron VIH positivos presentaron una probabilidad significativamente mayor de haber recibido un diagnóstico de ITS por parte de un médico (48% vs 27%, OR 2.48 IC 1.21, 5.04, p = 0,01), y de haber sido la pareja sexual receptora en el último intercambio sexual (41% frente a 23%, OR 2.41 IC 1.21, 4.71, p = 0.008). Los hombres que tuvieron sexo con hombres tenían un bajo nivel socio-económico, y alguna vez estuvieron sin hogar, fueron víctimas de violencia física, y tenían una probabilidad dos veces más alta de ser VIH positivos. La mayoría (60%) de los MSM VIH positivos no habían revelado su condición a sus parejas, y más del 50% no se sentían cómodos revelando su estatus a otras personas.

CONCLUSIONES:

La alta prevalencia de VIH entre HSH es un factor importante en el desarrollo de la epidemia de VIH en Jamaica. Se necesita hallar formas más eficaces de reducir la alta prevalencia de VIH entre los HSH, incluidas las medidas para reducir su vulnerabilidad social, combatir el estigma y la discriminación, y capacitarles para practicar sexo seguro.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: HIV Infections / Homosexuality, Male Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adult / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: English Caribbean / Jamaica Language: English Journal: West Indian med. j Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2013 Type: Article Affiliation country: Jamaica / United States Institution/Affiliation country: Jamaica AIDS Support for Life/JM / Ministry of Health/JM / The University of the West Indies/JM / University of North Carolina/US

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: HIV Infections / Homosexuality, Male Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adult / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: English Caribbean / Jamaica Language: English Journal: West Indian med. j Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2013 Type: Article Affiliation country: Jamaica / United States Institution/Affiliation country: Jamaica AIDS Support for Life/JM / Ministry of Health/JM / The University of the West Indies/JM / University of North Carolina/US