Características maternas de riesgo para ruptura prematura de membranas fetales / Maternal risk characteristics for premature rupture of fetal membranes

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo para ruptura prematura de membranas fetales (RPM) en el Hospital Augusto Hernández Mendoza de Ica. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio caso-control en 32 pacientes con diagnóstico de RPM (casos) y 64 pacientes con gestación normal (controles) a través de una encuesta. Se usó el programa SPSS v19.0 para el análisis de riesgo. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo para RPM con significancia estadística (p<0,05), con OR>1 e IC95%?1, fueron unión conyugal estable (OR 2,600; IC95% 1,085-6,233), gestante mal nutrida (OR 4,200; IC95% 1,706-10,339), primigesta (OR 3,370; IC95% 1,318-8,620), periodo intergenésico corto (OR 4,128; IC95% 1,022-5.804), RPM previo (OR 4,265; IC95% 1,461-12,455), antecedente de uso de DIU (OR 4,200; IC95% 1,129-15,630), control prenatal inadecuado (OR 3,151 IC95%1,265-7,851), acto sexual antes del RPM (OR 3,182; IC95% 1,111-9,114). Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo para RPM con significancia estadística en orden de importancia para nuestra serie fueron RPM previo, gestante mal nutrida, antecedente de uso de DIU, primigesta, acto sexual antes del RPM, control prenatal inadecuado, unión estable con la pareja y periodo intergenésico corto.

ABSTRACT

Objetive To determine the risk factors for premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM) in Augusto Mendoza Hernández Hospital from Ica. Material and Methods: Acase-control study in 32 patients diagnosed with PROM (cases)and 64 patients with normal pregnancy (controls) through a structured interview was conducted. Risk analysis was done through SPSS v19.0 program. Results: Risk factors for PROM, with statistical significance (p<0.05), OR>1 and CI 95%≠1, were stable union (OR 2.600; 95% CI 1085-6233), pregnant with bad nutrition (OR 4.200; 95% CI 1.706-10.339),first pregnancy (OR 3.370; 95% CI 1.318-8.620),short inter pregnancy period (OR 4.128; 95% CI 1.022-5.804), PROM in previous pregnancy (OR 4.265; 95% CI 1.461-12,455), previous IUD use (OR 4.200; 95% CI 1.129-15.630), inadequate prenatal care (OR 3.151; 95% CI 1.265-7.851), sexual intercourse before the PROM (OR 3.182; 95% CI 1.111-9.114). Conclusions: Risk factors for PROM with statistical significance in order of importance to our study were previous PROM, malnourished pregnant, previous IUD use, first pregnancy, sex before PROM, inadequate prenatal care, stable union with the couple and period short interpregnancy