Riesgo cardiovascular presente en estudiantes de una universidad de México / Cardiovascular risk in a Mexican university students

RESUMEN

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera causa de muerte en el mundo, dichas enfermedades se pueden prevenir mediante el control de los factores de riesgo, donde destacan la obesidad, hipertensión, tabaquismo, sedentarismo y antecedentes familiares. Objetivo: Identificar el factor de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuente en los estudiantes universitarios. Material y métodos: Estudio comparativo, observacional, prospectivo y transversal; se realizó en 8 facultades de la Universidad Veracruzana Región Veracruz, divididas en dos grupos, el primero del área de Ciencias de la Salud y el Segundo de áreas mixtas; de cada facultad se estudiaron 43 alumnos, dando una muestra total de 344; se registraron los siguientes datos antecedentes familiares, tabaquismo, actividad física y se obtuvieron valores como peso, talla, presión arterial y glucemia capilar. Resultados: En el grupo 1 se encontró que el 50,6% de los estudiantes presentaban sobrepeso, 10,5% obesidad, 22,1% hipertensión arterial, 1,2% hiperglucemia, 19,2% fumadores, 70,9% sedentarios y en cuanto a los antecedentes familiares de diabetes, hipertensión arterial y obesidad poseen valores similares (22-23%). En cuanto al grupo 2, se obtuvieron 29,7% estudiantes con sobrepeso, 9,3% obesidad, 11,6% hipertensión arterial, 4,7% hiperglucemia, 15,7% fumadores, 41,3% sedentarios, en cuanto a los antecedentes familiares destacaba la diabetes con 58,1% como principal. Conclusiones: El sedentarismo es el factor de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuente en los estudiantes, el segundo factor de riesgo más frecuente es el sobrepeso los antecedentes heredofamiliares de diabetes y obesidad se ubican en tercer lugar, el menos frecuente en ambos grupos fue la hiperglucemia.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death world wide. Such diseases can be prevented by controlling cardiovascular risk factors, among which include obesity, hypertension, smoking, sedentary life style and family history. Objectives: identify the most frequent cardiovascular risk factor in university students. Material and methods: This was a comparative, observational, prospective and cross- sectional study; It was performed in 8 different faculties of the Universidad Veracruzana Region Veracruz Boca del Rio, divided into two groups, the first in the area of Health Sciences and the second of mixed areas; each school 43 students were studied, giving a total sample of 344 students; data of family history, smoking, physical activity were recorded and values such as weight, height, blood pressure and blood glucose were obtained. Results: In group 1, it was found that 50.6% of students were overweight, 10.5% were obese, 22.1% hypertension, 1.2% hyperglycemia, 19.2% were smokers, 70.9% were sedentary and as a family history of diabetes, hypertension and obesity have similar values (22-23%). As group 2, 29.7% students were obtainedoverweight,9.3%wereobese,11.6% hypertension,4.7%hyperglycemia,15.7%were smokers, 41.3% were sedentary, as the family history included diabetes with 58.1% as principal. Conclusions: Physical inactivity is the cardiovascular risk factor more prevalent in students, the second most common risk factor is overweight, a family history of diabetes and obesity are located in third place, less frequent in both groups was Hyperglycemia.