Salud de migrantes internacionales en situación irregular: una revisión narrativa de iniciativas / Health of international migrants in an irregular situation: a narrative review of initiatives

RESUMEN

RESUMEN La población migrante internacional en situación irregular (MISI) suele encontrarse en una condición de particular vulnerabilidad que impacta en su salud, y sumado a esto, enfrenta múltiples barreras que dificultan e incluso impiden su acceso a los servicios de salud. La presente revisión tiene por objetivo identificar y describir iniciativas que abordan el acceso a los servicios de salud en población MISI. Para ello, se realizó una revisión narrativa en PubMed, Embase, Health Systems Evidence, Cochrane, LILACS y Scielo entre julio y agosto de 2017. Se encontraron 787 artículos, de los cuales se incluyeron 26, los que dieron cuenta de 31 iniciativas. La mayoría de estas iniciativas se sitúan en América Septentrional (61%), Asia Sudoriental (10%) y Europa Septentrional (10%); se refieren mayoritariamente a servicios de nivel primario (48%) y terciario (52%), servicios de urgencia/emergencia (39%), brindan accesibilidad administrativa (65%) y financiera (45%), y responden a necesidades en la etapa de «destino¼ del proceso migratorio (97%). Se puede concluir que existen diversas iniciativas que abordan la problemática del acceso a los servicios de salud de la población MISI. No obstante, no se hallaron iniciativas dirigidas a la rehabilitación y salud sexual; contacto y calidad; perspectiva de género y competencia cultural en salud.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The population of international migrants in an irregular situation (IMIS) often finds itself in a condition of particular vulnerability that has an impact on its health. Additionally to this, these migrants face multiple barriers that hinder or even impede their access to health services. This review aims at identifying and describing initiatives that address access to health services in the IMIS population. To this end, a narrative review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Health Systems Evidence, Cochrane, LILACS, and Scielo, between July and August of 2017. Seven hundred and eighty-seven (787) articles were found, of which 26 have been included, accounting for 31 initiatives. Most of these initiatives are located in North America (61%), South-East Asia (10%), and Northern Europe (10%). They refer mostly to primary (48%) and tertiary (52%) services; urgency/emergency services (39%); provide administrative (65%) and financial accessibility (45%); and respond to needs at the "destination" stage of the migration process (97%). It can be concluded that there are several initiatives that deal with the problems faced by the IMIS population in terms of access to healthcare services. However, no initiatives were found aimed at rehabilitation and sexual health; contact and quality, gender perspective, and cultural competence in health.