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Discursos de profesionales y adolescentes sobre el acceso de esta población a los Servicios de Salud en Venezuela, 2017 / Discourses of professionals and adolescents about the access of adolescents to Health Services in Venezuela, 2017
Heredia, Henny; Artman, Elizabeth.
  • Heredia, Henny; Instituto de Altos Estudios "Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldon". Coordinación de Epidemiología. Maracay. VE
  • Artman, Elizabeth; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca. Departamento de Administração e Planejamento em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro. BR
Saúde Soc ; 28(4): 87-101, out.-dez. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058990
RESUMEN
Resumen El objetivo fue analizar los discursos de profesionales y adolescentes sobre los factores que dificultan y potencializan el acceso de esta población a los servicios de salud (SS) y los efectos que generan en el alcance de la equidad en un estado de Venezuela. Se realizaron 12 entrevistas con adolescentes y 12 con profesionales, teniendo como base el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) y la estructura triangular de Thiede, Akweongo y McIntyre. Los resultados se estructuraron en tres temas el poder de los estereotipos y creencias; la ley al margen del derecho a la salud y construyendo prácticas humanizadas. El marco jurídico-legal admite contradicciones inaceptables que amplían las desigualdades. La edad predomina como una barrera para atender a adolescentes solas/solos, aunque no es percibida como tal por profesionales y está naturalizada como requisito obligatorio. Las/los adolescentes reivindican el derecho de ser respetados, escuchados y atendidos solos. Unos profesionales defienden aplicar de forma rígida normas que limitan el acceso, y otros intentan generar formas que lo garanticen. Los discursos que confrontan el hegemónico deben ser valorizados porque muestran que es posible facilitar el acceso con estrategias que se centren en los usuarios. La confianza aparece como un valor importante en la formación de vínculos entre profesionales/adolescentes. La brecha entre perspectivas de profesionales/adolescentes influenciada por la cultura organizacional son elementos para (re)pensar nuevas posturas institucionales en los SS que faciliten el acceso. El ACD permite dar voz a grupos minoritarios (adolescentes), identificando estrategias para alcanzar la equidad en el acceso a los SS.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The aim was to analyze the discourses of professionals and adolescents about the factors that hinder and potentiate this population's access to health services (HS) and the effects it generates in the scope of equity in a Venezuelan state. Twelve interviews were conducted with adolescents and 12 with professionals, based on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and the triangular structure of Thiede, Akweongo and McIntyre. The results were structured around three themes the power of stereotypes and beliefs; the law outside the right to health; and building humanized practices. The judicial-legal framework admits unacceptable contradictions that amplify inequalities. Age predominates as a barrier to consultation for alone adolescents, although it is not perceived by professionals and is accepted as a mandatory requirement. Adolescents claim the right to be respected, listened and cared when they are alone. Some professionals defend the rigid application of norms that limit access, and others try to generate forms to guarantee rights. The discourses that confront the hegemonic must be valued because they show that it is possible to facilitate the access with strategies that focus the users. Trust appears as an important value in the formation of links between professionals/adolescents. The gap between professional/adolescent perspectives influenced by organizational culture are elements for (re)thinking new institutional positions in HS to facilitate the access. The CDA makes it possible to give a voice to minority groups (adolescents), identifying strategies to achieve equity in access to the HS.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Adolescent / Health Equity / Health Law / Humanization of Assistance / Health Services Accessibility Type of study: Prognostic study / Qualitative research Limits: Adolescent / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Venezuela Language: Spanish Journal: Saúde Soc Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil / Venezuela Institution/Affiliation country: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/BR / Instituto de Altos Estudios "Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldon"/VE

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Adolescent / Health Equity / Health Law / Humanization of Assistance / Health Services Accessibility Type of study: Prognostic study / Qualitative research Limits: Adolescent / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Venezuela Language: Spanish Journal: Saúde Soc Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil / Venezuela Institution/Affiliation country: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/BR / Instituto de Altos Estudios "Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldon"/VE