Uso del instrumento FINDRISK para identificar el riesgo de prediabetes y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Use of the FINDRISK questionnaire for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes screening

RESUMEN

Objetivo: determinar el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y prediabetes por medio del cuestionario FINDRISK en pacientes entre 35 y 75 años que asisten a consulta externa. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, aplicando el cuestionario FINDRISK validado para Colombia. A aquellos con puntajes igual o mayor a 12 se les investigaron marcadores glicémicos y perfil lipídico. Con los datos obtenidos se realizó análisis univariado y de correspondencias múltiples. Resultados: de 796 participantes 11% (n= 88) presentaron prediabetes y 0,7% (n=6) diabetes, 36,8% (n=293) tuvieron un FINDRISK igual o mayor de 12, de éstos a 30% se le diagnosticó prediabetes y 2% diabetes; el 54,9% cursó con hipertensión, 50% con historia familiar de diabetes, 43% antecedentes de dislipidemia, 86% perímetro abdominal mayor de los rangos establecidos y dislipidemia en más de 50%. Conclusión: el cuestionario FINDRISK es una herramienta útil en la detección de estados prediabéticos y diabetes, favoreciendo el manejo temprano y la prevención de complicaciones. Además, aquellos con trastornos glicémicos y puntaje FINDRISK mayor o igual a 12 muestran tendencia a cursar con dislipidemia, lo que indica la necesidad del estudio metabólico completo.

ABSTRACT

Objective: to determine the risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes using the FINDRISC questionnaire in patients aged between 35 and 75 years at the outpatient clinic. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional analysis applying the FINDRISC questionnaire for Colombia. Patients with a FINDRISC score of 12 or higher were studied measuring glycemic markers and lipid profile. Univariate and bivariate data analysis was used, as well as multiple correspondences. Results: out of 796 participants 11% (n= 88) had prediabetes and 0.7% (n=6) had diabetes, 36.8% (n=293) had a FINDRISC score equal or greater than 12, of these, 30% were diagnosed with prediabetes and 2% with diabetes; 54.9% had associated hypertension, 50% had family history for diabetes, 43% history of dyslipidemia, 86% had a waist circumference greater than the established values and dyslipidemia was present in more than 50%. Conclusion: the FINDRISC questionnaire is a useful screening tool for prediabetes and diabetes, favoring early treatment and the prevention of complications. Additionally, those with glycemic disorders and a FINDRISC score greater or equal to 12 showed a tendency to have associated dyslipidemia, which indicate the need to perform a comprehensive metabolic panel.