Cultura de la seguridad del paciente en seis centros quirúrgicos de Antioquia / Patient Safety Culture Observed at Six Surgical Centers in Antioquia / Colombia Cultura da segurança do paciente em seis centros cirúrgicos em Antioquia

RESUMEN

Introducción: Colombia, como otros países promueve políticas de seguridad al paciente para reducir y, de ser posible, eliminar la ocurrencia de eventos adversos. Objetivo: identificar la cultura de seguridad en seis centros quirúrgicos de Antioquia a través de las dimensiones descritas por el instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico transversal descriptivo realizado en instituciones de 2, 3 y 4 nivel complejidad del departamento de Antioquia; de noviembre de 2016 a noviembre de 2018. Se aplicó el instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture propuesto por la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) a 514 trabajadores del área de la salud. Resultados: En una escala de cero a diez, el promedio del clima de seguridad en los servicios de cirugía es 8. El 62% de las respuestas sobre la percepción de la cultura de la seguridad fue positiva. Las de mayor puntuación fueron aprendizaje organizacional/mejora continua en 82,94% de los trabajadores; en el trabajo en equipo en el servicio, 82,94%. Las de menor puntuación fueron respuesta no punitiva a errores 46,25%; y franqueza en comunicación 45,38%. Discusión: las dimensiones con mayor y menor puntuación reportadas en la investigación son comparables con las reportadas en otros estudios y requiere atención del sistema de salud y de las direcciones de las instituciones. Conclusión: Se detectaron fortalezas y debilidades en la cultura de seguridad de los pacientes. En cuanto a las Fortalezas el Aprendizaje organizacional/mejora continua y el Trabajo en equipo en la Unidad/Servicio.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Colombia, just like other countries, promotes patient safety policies to reduce and, if possible, eliminate the occurrence of adverse events. Objective: To identify the patient safety culture at six surgical centers located in Antioquia using the dimensions described in the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted at different healthcare institutions providing secondary, tertiary and quaternary levels of care between November 2016 and November 2018 in the department of Antioquia. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument proposed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was applied to 514 health workers. Results: On a scale of zero to ten, the average safety perception in surgical services is 8. 62% of the responses regarding the perception of safety culture were positive. The highest scores were organizational learning/continuous improvement in 82.94% of the workers and service teamwork in 82.94%. The lowest scores were a nonpunitive response to errors in 46.25% and communication openness in 45.38%. Discussion: The dimensions with the highest and lowest scores reported in the research are comparable to those reported in other studies and require attention from the healthcare system and the directors of the institutions. Conclusion: Strengths and weaknesses in the patient safety culture were detected. The strengths were organizational learning/continuous improvement and teamwork at the unit/service.

RESUMO

Introduction: Colombia, just like other countries, promotes patient safety policies to reduce and, if possible, eliminate the occurrence of adverse events. Objective: To identify the patient safety culture at six surgical centers located in Antioquia using the dimensions described in the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted at different healthcare institutions providing secondary, tertiary and quaternary levels of care between November 2016 and November 2018 in the department of Antioquia. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument proposed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was applied to 514 health workers. Results: On a scale of zero to ten, the average safety perception in surgical services is 8. 62% of the responses regarding the perception of safety culture were positive. The highest scores were organizational learning/continuous improvement in 82.94% of the workers and service teamwork in 82.94%. The lowest scores were a nonpunitive response to errors in 46.25% and communication openness in 45.38%. Discussion: The dimensions with the highest and lowest scores reported in the research are comparable to those reported in other studies and require attention from the healthcare system and the directors of the institutions. Conclusion: Strengths and weaknesses in the patient safety culture were detected. The strengths were organizational learning/continuous improvement and teamwork at the unit/service.