Factores maternos de riesgo asociados a ruptura prematura de membranas / Maternal risk factors associated with premature rupture of membranes

RESUMEN

Introducción: La ruptura prematura de las membranas se define como la ruptura de las membranas fetales de 12 a 18 horas o más antes del inicio del parto. Objetivo: El objetivo principal de esta revisión bibliográfica es generar conocimiento sobre los factores maternos de riesgo asociados a la ruptura prematura de membranas. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo de búsqueda bibliografía y se ha realizado en Pubmed, Medline, Scielo, bibliotecas de universidades nacionales e internacionales. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo hallados tenemos a la edad menor de 20 y mayor de 35 años (OR 2.2), procedencia rural (OR 5.8), unión estable (OR 2.600), gestante mal nutrida (OR 4.200), obesidad con (OR 3), antecedente de aborto (OR 2,76), la gestación múltiple (OR 4,5), primigesta (OR 3.370), gran multípara (OR 2,10), periodo intergenésico corto (OR 4.128), RPM previo (OR 4.265), uso DIU (OR 3.151), acto sexual antes del RPM (OR 3,182), Hb 9,9-7,1 grs/dl (OR 2), metrorragia del 1er y2do trimestre (OR 3.88), infección cérvico-vaginal (OR 13), infección urinaria (OR 2,56). Conclusión: Los principales factores maternos de riesgo que condicionan a la ruptura prematura de membranas, tenemos Edad menor de 20 y mayor de 35 años, procedencia rural, unión estable, gestante mal nutrida, gestante con obesidad, antecedente de aborto, gestación múltiple, primigesta, gran multípara, periodo intergenésico corto, RPM previo, uso DIU, acto sexual antes del RPM, Hb 9,9-7,1 grs/dl, metrorragia del 1er y 2do trimestre, infección cérvico-vaginal, infección urinaria. (AU)

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Premature rupture of the membranes is defined as the rupture of the fetal membranes 12 to 18 hours or more before the onset of labor. Objective: The main objective of this literature review is to generate knowledge about the maternal risk factors associated with premature rupture of membranes. Materials and methods: It is a descriptive study of literature search and has been carried out in Pubmed, Medline, Scielo, libraries of national and international universities. Results: The risk factors found are at the age of less than 20 and older than 35 years (OR 2.2), rural origin (OR 5.8), stable union (OR 2,600), pregnant woman poorly nourished (OR 4,200), obesity with (OR 3), history of abortion (OR 2.76), multiple gestation (OR 4.5), primitive (OR 3.370), large multiparous (OR 2.10), short intergenic period (OR 4,128), previous RPM (OR 4,265), IUD use (OR 3,151), sexual act before RPM (OR 3,182), Hb 9,9-7,1 grs / dl (OR 2), metrorrhagia 1st and 2nd trimester (OR 3.88), cervical-vaginal infection (OR 13), urinary infection (OR 2.56). Conclusions: The main maternal risk factors that condition premature rupture of membranes, we have Age under 20 and over 35 years of age, rural origin, stable union, malnourished pregnant woman, pregnant woman with obesity, history of abortion, multiple pregnancy, primitive, large multiparous, short intergenic period, prior RPM, IUD use, sexual intercourse before RPM, Hb 9.9-7.1 grs / dl, 1st and 2nd trimester metrorrhagia, cervical-vaginal infection, urinary tract infection. (AU)