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Cribado y transmisión congénita de la enfermedad de Chagas en población usuaria del Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda y Atención Primaria de Salud del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente de Santiago, Chile / Screening and congenital transmission of Chagas Disease in the user population of the Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda Hospital and Primary Health Care Services of the Metropolitan Health Service West of Santiago, Chile
Denegri C, Marisol; Oyarce F, Alan; Larraguibel C, Paula; Ramírez V, Iris; Rivas B, Elizabeth; Arellano P, Gisella; Báez M, Andrea; Maulén L, Nancy P.
  • Denegri C, Marisol; Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda. Policlínico Chagas. CL
  • Oyarce F, Alan; Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile. Sección de Parasitología. CL
  • Larraguibel C, Paula; Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda. Laboratorio Clínico Central. Santiago. CL
  • Ramírez V, Iris; Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda. Laboratorio Clínico Central. Santiago. CL
  • Rivas B, Elizabeth; Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda. Laboratorio Clínico Central. Santiago. CL
  • Arellano P, Gisella; Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda. Laboratorio Clínico Central. Santiago. CL
  • Báez M, Andrea; Universidad Austral de Chile. Instituto de Estadística. Valdivia. CL
  • Maulén L, Nancy P; Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda. Laboratorio Clínico Central. Santiago. CL
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(2): 129-137, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126099
RESUMEN
Resumen Introducción: El año 2016, el Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda (HDFBC) implementó el tamizaje obligatorio de anticuerpos anti Trypanosoma cruzi, para pesquisar nuevos casos de la enfermedad de Chagas (ECH) en mujeres embarazadas y recién nacidos (RN) y brindar tratamiento antiparasitario oportuno. Ello, porque la transmisión transplacentaria de T. cruzi continúa siendo un importante problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Presentar la información epidemiológica generada luego de la implementación del cribado de la ECH en el HDFBC del SSMOCC, al cabo de dos años de iniciada su operación. Material y Métodos: Cribado por inmunoquimioluminiscencia (IQLU), confirmación por IFI, ELISA y/o western blot. Seguimiento de RN: mediante RPC, IFI, ELISA e IQLU. Resultados: Entre abril de 2016 y julio de 2018 se analizó un total de 14.012 muestras de pacientes; 62 resultaron reactivas (0,53% seropositividad) y 28 fueron confirmadas positivas (prevalencia de 0,2%). Del total, 11.780 fueron de mujeres gestantes (n: 41 casos reactivos y 10 confirmadas con ECH), con prevalencia de 0,085%. Los restantes 18 casos positivos fueron usuarios no gestantes, con sospecha clínica de ECH y casos de estudios familiares, mostrando una prevalencia de 0,81%. El seguimiento a 10 RN y lactantes hijos de madres chagásicas descartó la transmisión transplacentaria Completaron tratamiento con nifurtimox 30% de las madres. Discusión: La implementación del programa en el HDFBC cumple los objetivos de cribado, pesquisa y diagnóstico de la ECH así como el seguimiento y tratamiento oportuno del RN. La prevalencia de 0,085% de la ECH en la población gestante como la de 0,2% en población total son significativamente menores (p-valor < 0,01) que la prevalencia de 0,7% reportada (año 2016) para la Región Metropolitana (RM); sugerimos que es consecuencia de la implementación del programa nacional y local. La transmisión congénita de 0% es acorde a la tasa de [0,91 x 10.000] reportada el 2017 para la RM. En base al aprendizaje adquirido, durante el desarrollo de la investigación, se entrega sugerencias para aportar al funcionamiento del programa.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Background: In 2016, the Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda (HDFBC) implemented the mandatory screening of anti Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in pregnant women, thus complying with national regulations to detect new Chagas disease cases (CHD) in mother and child, whose early detection mediates timely pharmacological treatment. This, because the congenital transmission continues the main active transmission mechanisms of T. cruzi and a major public health problem for the country. Aim: To present the epidemiological information generated after the implementation of the ECH screening in the SSFCC HFBC, two years after its operation began. Methods: Screening test: inmunequimioluminiscence (IQLU), certification by IFI, ELISA and/or western blot. Follow up of newborn infants with PCR, IFI, ELISA and IQLU. Results: Between April 2016 and July 2018, 14.012 subject's samples were examined of which 62 resulted reactive (0.53% seropositivity) in the total studied population where 28 patients resulted positive for CHD, which corresponds to a 0.2% prevalence. Of the total population, 11.780 were pregnant women, of these 41 were reactive and 10 were confirmed with CHD thus showing a prevalence of 0.085%. The other 18 positive cases of non-pregnant patients corresponded a prevalence of 0.81%. Also, 10 newborn and infant children of mothers with CHD were followed up. In all, congenital transmission (0%) was ruled out. Nifurtimox treatment of the mothers were completed in 30% of them. It is concluded that the implementation of the program in the HDFBC fulfills the objectives of screening, detection and diagnosis of CHD, so as the timely follow-up and pharmacologic treatment of the newborn. The 0.085% prevalence of CHD in pregnant women as the 0.20% in total population are significantly lower (p-valor < 0.01) than the 0.7% reported in 2016 for the Metropolitan Region (MR), a fact that we suggest is a consequence of the national program implementation. Likewise, the 0% transplacental transmission is accorded to the rate of 0.91 x 10.000 live births reported in 2017 for the MR. Based on the learning acquired during the development of the research, recommendations are given to contribute to the operation of the program.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Trypanosoma cruzi / Chagas Disease Type of study: Diagnostic study / Practice guideline / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Animals / Female / Humans / Pregnancy Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. infectol Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2020 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda/CL / Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile/CL / Universidad Austral de Chile/CL

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Trypanosoma cruzi / Chagas Disease Type of study: Diagnostic study / Practice guideline / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Animals / Female / Humans / Pregnancy Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. infectol Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2020 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda/CL / Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile/CL / Universidad Austral de Chile/CL