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Fertilidad y embarazo en pacientes con enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales / Fertility and pregnancy in patients with inflamatory bowel disease
Yarur U, Andrés.
  • Yarur U, Andrés; University of Chicago. División de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición. Unidad de Enfermedades Inflamatorias Intestinales. Chicago, Illinois. US
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 26(5): 649-662, sept. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1128566
RESUMEN
Las Enfermedades Inflamatorias Intestinales (EII) son entidades crónicas del tracto digestivo, que afectan frecuentemente a pacientes en edad reproductiva. Debido a las características de estas enfermedades y su tratamiento, existen múltiples desafíos. En este artículo, revisamos la evidencia más reciente con respecto a fertilidad y embarazo en pacientes con EII. En general, existe evidencia de que pacientes con EII tienen una mayor tasa de complicaciones durante el embarazo con respecto a pacientes sin EII. Sin embargo, esta diferencia está directamente asociada al grado de actividad de la enfermedad. La mayor parte de los fármacos hoy usados en el tratamiento de EII son considerados seguros durante el embarazo y se recomienda continuarlos, sobre todo considerando que el mayor riesgo de complicaciones está asociado a una enfermedad activa. Sin embargo es importante considerar las opciones caso a caso. Las dos grandes excepciones son metotrexato y talidomida que están completamente contraindicadas. La recomendación más importante es educar a toda paciente con EII en edad reproductiva, explicando que el embarazo debe llevarse a cabo cuando la enfermedad esté controlada y que la probabilidad de complicaciones está relacionada con el grado de actividad y severidad de la EII. Los médicos tratantes deben educar a las pacientes, enfatizando el seguimiento de los controles y tratamiento
ABSTRACT
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract that can affect patients during their childbearing years. Considering the characteristics of disease and the medications used to treat it, several issues arise in the care of these patients when they attempt or achieve conception. We review the most current evidence concerning fertility and pregnancy outcomes in patients with IBD. With the exception of those women who undergo pelvic surgery, patients with IBD have no decreased fertility. Overall, when looking at obstetrical outcomes, patients with IBD have worse outcomes when compared to controls, but this is usually driven by disease activity at conception. While most medications used to treat IBD are low risk, some precautions need to be taken and the risk-to-benefit ratio needs to be considered on a case-to-case basis. In general, aminosalicylates and thiopurines should be continued, but methotrexate and thalidomide are contraindicated. Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents are considered safe to continue but full monoclonal antibodies do cross the placenta. As a general rule, it is important to counsel women that conception is optimal when disease is in remission, as adverse obstetrical outcomes are directly associated with disease activity. Clinicians need to educate patients before, during and after conception, emphasizing treatment compliance.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pregnancy Complications / Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Type of study: Practice guideline Limits: Female / Humans / Pregnancy Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2015 Type: Article Affiliation country: United States Institution/Affiliation country: University of Chicago/US

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pregnancy Complications / Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Type of study: Practice guideline Limits: Female / Humans / Pregnancy Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2015 Type: Article Affiliation country: United States Institution/Affiliation country: University of Chicago/US