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Incidence of postoperative vomiting in pediatric population undergoing anesthesia: a prospective cohort study / Incidencia de vómito postoperatorio en población pediátrica sometida a anestesia: estudio de cohorte prospectiva
Jaimes-Daza, María Fernanda; Alarcón-Tarazona, Ismael Enrique; Duarte-Villamizar, Jonathan Alexis; Meléndez, Héctor Julio; Torres, Héctor Hugo.
  • Jaimes-Daza, María Fernanda; Universidad Industrial de Santander. Medical students. Bucaramanga. CO
  • Alarcón-Tarazona, Ismael Enrique; Universidad Industrial de Santander. Medical students. Bucaramanga. CO
  • Duarte-Villamizar, Jonathan Alexis; Universidad Industrial de Santander. Anesthesia and Resuscitation Department. School of Medicine. Bucaramanga. CO
  • Meléndez, Héctor Julio; Universidad Industrial de Santander. Anesthesia and Resuscitation Department. School of Medicine. Bucaramanga. CO
  • Torres, Héctor Hugo; Universidad Industrial de Santander. Anesthesia and Resuscitation Department. School of Medicine. Bucaramanga. CO
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 48(4): e203, Oct.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1144314
ABSTRACT
Abstract

Introduction:

Postoperative nausea and vomiting are frequent adverse effects of anesthesia and surgery. Impact is greater in pediatric populations compared to adults and the reported incidences are heterogeneous.

Objective:

To describe the incidence of postoperative vomiting in a pediatric population and to identify associated risk factors. Materials and

methods:

This prospective cohort study included 190 children aged 3 to 12 years undergoing surgery and anesthesia in a maternal and child health clinic in Bucaramanga (Colombia). The main outcome variable was postoperative vomiting. Data were analyzed using bivariate, multivariate analysis and logistic regression to assess the associated risk factors.

Results:

The overall incidence of postoperative vomiting was 18.95% (95% CI 13.32 - 24.57), with a higher incidence at home vs. hospital (12.63% vs. 9.47%). After adjustment, associated risk factors were anesthesia time longer than 45 minutes (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.10-4.90) and postoperative use of opioids (OR 4.17; 95% IC 1.6510.5). The incidence of postoperative vomiting was higher in patients who underwent emergency surgery.

Conclusion:

This is the first study in Colombia that evaluates the incidence of postoperative vomiting in children. The incidence in our pediatric population is within the ranges reported worldwide. Associated risk factors were anesthesia time longer than 45 minutes and postoperative use of opioids. Further research is required in order to study emergency surgery as a potential risk factor.
RESUMEN
Resumen

Introducción:

Las náuseas y el vómito postoperatorios son un resultado adverso frecuente derivado del acto anestésico y/o quirúrgico. La magnitud de este problema es mayor en la población pediátrica en comparación con la población adulta, con una considerable heterogeneidad de datos respecto a la incidencia.

Objetivo:

Describir la incidencia de vómito postoperatorio en población pediátrica y sus factores de riesgo asociados. Materiales y

métodos:

Estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado en Clínica Materno Infantil de III-IV nivel de Bucaramanga (Colombia), en 190 pacientes pediátricos con edades entre 3 y 12 años, sometidos a cirugía sin discriminar técnica anestésica. Se realizó análisis bivariado, multivariado y regresión logística.

Resultados:

La incidencia de vómito postoperatorio en el estudio fue de 18,95 % (IC-95 % [13,32-24,57]), y es mayor en la casa que en la institución hospitalaria (12,63 % vs. 9,47 %). Tras el ajuste, los factores de riesgo establecidos fueron el tiempo anestésico mayor de 45 minutos (OR 2,33; IC-95 % [1,10-4,90]) y uso de opioide postoperatorio (OR 4,17; IC-95 % [1,65-10,5]). Hubo una incidencia importante de vómito postoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de urgencias.

Conclusiones:

Este es el primer estudio en Colombia que evalúa la incidencia de vómito postoperatorio en población pediátrica. La incidencia se encuentra dentro del rango reportado en la literatura mundial y se establecieron como factores asociados el tiempo anestésico mayor a 45 minutos y uso de opioides en el postoperatorio. Consideramos que debe estudiarse la cirugía de urgencias como posible factor de riesgo en estudios posteriores.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pediatrics / Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Type of study: Etiology study / Incidence study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Rev. colomb. anestesiol Journal subject: Anesthesiology Year: 2020 Type: Article Affiliation country: Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Industrial de Santander/CO

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pediatrics / Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Type of study: Etiology study / Incidence study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Rev. colomb. anestesiol Journal subject: Anesthesiology Year: 2020 Type: Article Affiliation country: Colombia Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Industrial de Santander/CO