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Pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic assays from saliva samples can guarantee personalized drug prescription
Department of Biological SciencesBolani, Bruna; Department of Biological SciencesOliveira, Gabriela Moraes; Department of Biological SciencesDionísio, Thiago José; Department of Biological SciencesFaria, Flavio Augusto Cardoso; Fernandes, Maria Helena Raposo; Department of Biological SciencesSantos, Carlos Ferreira; Department of Biological SciencesCalvo, Adriana Maria.
  • Department of Biological SciencesBolani, Bruna; University of São Paulo. Bauru School of Dentistry. Department of Biological SciencesBolani, Bruna. Bauru. BR
  • Department of Biological SciencesOliveira, Gabriela Moraes; University of São Paulo. Bauru School of Dentistry. Department of Biological SciencesOliveira, Gabriela Moraes. Bauru. BR
  • Department of Biological SciencesDionísio, Thiago José; University of São Paulo. Bauru School of Dentistry. Department of Biological SciencesDionísio, Thiago José. Bauru. BR
  • Department of Biological SciencesFaria, Flavio Augusto Cardoso; University of São Paulo. Bauru School of Dentistry. Department of Biological SciencesFaria, Flavio Augusto Cardoso. Bauru. BR
  • Fernandes, Maria Helena Raposo; Faculty of Dental Medicine. Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration. Porto, Porto. PT
  • Department of Biological SciencesSantos, Carlos Ferreira; University of São Paulo. Bauru School of Dentistry. Department of Biological SciencesSantos, Carlos Ferreira. Bauru. BR
  • Department of Biological SciencesCalvo, Adriana Maria; University of São Paulo. Bauru School of Dentistry. Department of Biological SciencesCalvo, Adriana Maria. Bauru. BR
Braz. dent. j ; 32(1): 3-8, Jan.-Feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1180729
ABSTRACT
Abstract Saliva is widely used for clinical and laboratory analysis. This study proposed to use DNA extracted from saliva for genotyping and pharmacokinetics of piroxicam. A fast and efficient genotyping method was used to determine relevant allelic variants of CYP2C9 (*2 and *3), since genetic factors can influence in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) metabolization. DNA Extract All Reagents Kit® was used for DNA extraction and genotyping was performed using TaqMan® GTXpress™ Master Mix, SNP genotyping assays and a Viia7 Real-Time PCR system. Volunteers performed sequential collections of saliva samples before and after taking a single dose of piroxicam (0.25 to 72 h) which were used for pharmacokinetics assays. Piroxicam concentrations were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Sixty-six percent of volunteers were ancestral homozygous (CYP2C9*1/*1), and 34% showed one or both polymorphisms. Of these 34%, 22 individuals showed CYP2C9*2 polymorphism, 8 CYP2C9*3, and 4 CYP2C9*2/*3. Piroxicam pharmacokinetics were performed in 5 subjects. Areas under the curve (AUC0-t(h*ng/mL)) for CYP2C9*1/*1, *1/*2 and *1/*3 were, respectively, 194.33±70.93, 166 and 303. Maximum concentrations (Cmax(ng/mL)) for these genotypes were respectively 6.46±2.56, 4.3 and 10.2. Saliva sampling was a very effective matrix for both pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic tests, ensuring the speed of the procedure and the well-being and agreement of the participants. Once having the knowledge about the slow and fast metabolizers, it is possible to make an adequate prescription in order to avoid the adverse effects of the medication and to guarantee greater analgesic comfort to the patients respectively.
RESUMO
Resumo Saliva é amplamente utilizada para análises clínicas e laboratoriais. Este estudo propôs o uso de DNA extraído da saliva para genotipagem e farmacocinética do piroxicam. Um método de genotipagem rápido e eficiente foi usado para determinar as variantes alélicas clinicamente relevantes de CYP2C9 (* 2 e * 3), uma vez que fatores genéticos podem influenciar nas respostas metabólicas individuais a medicamentos como anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs). DNA Extract All Reagents Kit® foi usado para extração de DNA e a genotipagem foi realizada usando TaqMan® GTXpress ™ Master Mix, ensaios de genotipagem SNP e um sistema Viia7 Real-Time PCR. Os voluntários realizaram coletas sequenciais de amostras de saliva antes e após a ingestão de uma única dose de piroxicam (0,25 a 72 h) que foram utilizadas para ensaios farmacocinéticos. As concentrações de piroxicam foram analisadas usando LC - MS / MS. Sessenta e seis por cento dos voluntários eram homozigotos ancestrais (CYP2C9 * 1 / * 1) e 34% apresentaram um ou ambos os polimorfismos. Destes 34%, 22 indivíduos apresentaram polimorfismo CYP2C9 * 2, 8 CYP2C9 * 3 e 4 CYP2C9 * 2 / * 3. A farmacocinética do piroxicam foi realizada em 5 indivíduos. As áreas sob a curva (AUC0-t (h * ng / mL)) para CYP2C9 * 1 / * 1, * 1 / * 2 e * 1 / * 3 foram, respectivamente, 194,33±70,93, 166 e 303. Concentrações máximas (Cmax (ng / mL)) para esses genótipos foram, respectivamente, 6,46±2,56, 4,3 e 10,2. A amostra de saliva foi uma matriz muito eficaz tanto para os testes farmacogenéticos quanto para os farmacocinéticos, garantindo a agilidade do procedimento e o bem-estar e concordância dos participantes. Com o conhecimento dos metabolizadores lentos e rápidos, é possível fazer uma prescrição adequada para evitar os efeitos adversos da medicação e garantir maior conforto analgésico aos pacientes respectivamente.
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pharmacogenetics / Saliva Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Braz. dent. j Journal subject: Dentistry Year: 2021 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil / Portugal Institution/Affiliation country: Faculty of Dental Medicine/PT / University of São Paulo/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pharmacogenetics / Saliva Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Braz. dent. j Journal subject: Dentistry Year: 2021 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil / Portugal Institution/Affiliation country: Faculty of Dental Medicine/PT / University of São Paulo/BR