Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos y cardiovasculares en niños convalecientes por COVID 19 en Villa Clara, Cuba / Clinical, epidemiological and cardiovascular aspects in children convalescents of COVID-19 in in Villa Clara province, Cuba

RESUMEN

Introducción: La COVID-19, enfermedad causada por Coronavirus SARS-CoV 2, ha devenido en pandemia en 185 países. Cuba la ha enfrentado sin informar fallecidos en edad pediátrica Objetivo: Examinar aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos y cardiovasculares en menores de 18 años en período de convalecencia por COVID 19. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal en 36 pacientes diagnosticados de marzo a mayo de 2020 en Villa Clara, Cuba y evaluados posterior al alta clínica y epidemiológica en consulta de cardiología del Hospital Universitario "José Luis Miranda". La muestra no probabilística, se conformó por los que asistieron a consulta. Se estudiaron variables edad, sexo, peso, talla, antecedentes patológicos y epidemiológicos, período de hospitalización, examen físico, exámenes complementarios iniciales y en la convalecencia. Se utilizaron técnicas de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Predominaron edades mayores de 10 años (60,0 por ciento), sexo femenino (55,5 por ciento), estado nutricional óptimo sin enfermedad crónica previa. En Santa Clara y Camajuaní se presentaron eventos de transmisión local con mayores tasas de incidencia. La mayoría de los niños se encontraban asintomáticos, detectados por historia epidemiológica de contactos, de confirmados y sospechosos (89,0 por ciento). Las alteraciones en fases iniciales de convalecencia fueron miocarditis y pericarditis (13,8 por ciento). Conclusiones: En este estudio se detectaron complicaciones cardiovasculares secundarias a infección viral por coronavirus SARS COV 2, con criterios epidemiológicos, clínicos, electrocardiográficos, radiológicos de tórax y ecocardiográficos(AU)

ABSTRACT

Introduction: COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and it has become a pandemic in 185 countries. Cuba has faced this pandemic without having any deaths in the pediatric ages. Objective: Examine clinical, epidemiological and cardiovascular aspects in patients under 18 years' old who are convalescents of COVID-19. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study in 36 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from March to May, 2020 in Villa Clara province, Cuba; whom were attended after the clinical and epidemiological discharge in the Cardiology consultation of "José Luis Miranda" University Hospital in July, 2020.The non-probabilistic sample was formed with the patients that went to the consultation. The variables studied were age, sex, weight, size, personal and epidemiological pathologic background, period of hospitalization, physical exam, initial and during recovery's complementary tests. The results were expressed in absolute and relative values. Results: There was a predominance of patients older than 10 years (60.0 percent), female sex (55.5 percent), optimal nutritional state and no chronic diseases. Santa Clara and Camajuaní presented events of local transmission and showed higher incidence rates. Most of the patients there were asymptomatic, and were detected mainly due to the epidemiological record of confirmed and suspicious cases (89.0 percent). Complications in the initial phases of convalescents were myocarditis and pericarditis (13.8 percent). Conclusions: There were detected cardiovascular complications as a consequence of the viral infection by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, with epidemiological, clinical, electrocardiographic, thorax radiology and echocardiographic criteria(AU)