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Promotores de reserva cognitiva en adultos mayores con alto riesgo de demencia cortical / Promoters of Cognitive Reserve in the Elderly with High Risk of Cortical Dementia
Contreras Aguilera, Sonia Mariela; Navarro, Juan-José; Sánchez Rodríguez, José Rolando.
  • Contreras Aguilera, Sonia Mariela; Universidad Arturo Prat. Victoria. CL
  • Navarro, Juan-José; Universidad de Zaragoza. ES
  • Sánchez Rodríguez, José Rolando; Universidad Andrés Bello. Santiago. CL
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 36(2): e2821, abr.-jul.2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1280256
RESUMEN

Introducción:

La reserva cognitiva constituye un elemento central para entender cómo responde el cerebro a la neuropatología durante el ciclo vital.

Objetivo:

Comprender los factores promotores de reserva cognitiva desde la experiencia de vida de adultos mayores sin deterioro cognitivo y con alto riesgo de demencia cortical.

Métodos:

Estudio cualitativo, con base en método Grounded Theory. Se realizan entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad a siete adultos mayores. En el análisis, se aplica la técnica de comparación constante según modelo de Glasser y Straus, utilizando Atlas ti/7.

Resultados:

Desde el análisis axial surgen cinco categorías interrelacionadas actividad mental, experiencias gratificantes, cuidados, eventos traumáticos y características de personalidad. Se aprecia un patrón constante de experiencias vitales mentalmente estimulantes, relacionado principalmente a actividades de cuidado y experiencias gratificantes, no asociadas a educación formal.

Conclusiones:

Se distingue un proceso dinámico que involucra experiencias y eventos de vida cotidiana, tanto personales como ambientales, ocupacionales y del estilo de vida, que operan secuencialmente durante el ciclo vital; estos factores podrían incidir significativamente en los mecanismos neurobiológicos y actuar como promotores de reserva cognitiva. Se obtiene un modelo de promotores de reserva cognitiva que podría utilizarse en programas de salud cognitiva para contrarrestar la neuropatología(AU)
ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Cognitive reserve constitutes an element central to understanding how the brain responds to neuropathology during the life cycle.

Objective:

To understand the factors that promote cognitive reserve from the life experience of the elderly without cognitive deterioration and with high risk of cortical dementia.

Methods:

Qualitative study, methodologically based on grounded theory. In-depth semi-structured interviews are conducted on seven elderlies. In the analysis, the constant comparison technique is applied according to the model by Glaser and Strauss, using ATLAS-Ti 7.

Results:

Five interrelated categories emerge from the axial

analysis:

mental activity, gratifying experiences, care, traumatic events, and personality traits. There is a constant pattern of mentally-stimulating life experiences, mainly related to care activities and gratifying experiences, not associated with formal education.

Conclusions:

A dynamic process is distinguished that involves experiences and events of daily life, both personal and environmental, occupational and related to lifestyle, which operate sequentially during the life cycle. These factors could significantly influence neurobiological mechanisms and act as promoters of cognitive reserve. A model of cognitive reserve promoters is obtained that could be used in cognitive health programs to counteract neuropathology(AU)
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Aging / Dementia / Cognitive Reserve / Neuropathology / Life Cycle Stages Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Risk factors Limits: Aged / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. enferm Journal subject: Nursing Year: 2020 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile / Spain Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Andrés Bello/CL / Universidad Arturo Prat/CL / Universidad de Zaragoza/ES

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Aging / Dementia / Cognitive Reserve / Neuropathology / Life Cycle Stages Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Risk factors Limits: Aged / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. enferm Journal subject: Nursing Year: 2020 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile / Spain Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Andrés Bello/CL / Universidad Arturo Prat/CL / Universidad de Zaragoza/ES