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Incidencia de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios en anestesia general para cirugía electiva / Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who receive general anesthesia for elective surgery
Álvarez Hurtado, Lester M; Nieto Monteagudo, Carlos G; Pérez Caballero, Dayana; Nieto Martínez, Gretter E; Salgado Carbajal, Danay; Cruz García, Osmany.
  • Álvarez Hurtado, Lester M; Hospital Universitario Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau. Santa Clara. CU
  • Nieto Monteagudo, Carlos G; Hospital Universitario Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau. Santa Clara. CU
  • Pérez Caballero, Dayana; Hospital Universitario Ginecobstétrico Mariana Grajales. Santa Clara. CU
  • Nieto Martínez, Gretter E; Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico Arnaldo Milián Castro. Santa Clara. CU
  • Salgado Carbajal, Danay; Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico Arnaldo Milián Castro. Santa Clara. CU
  • Cruz García, Osmany; Hospital Universitario Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau. Santa Clara. CU
Medicentro (Villa Clara) ; 25(1): 22-37, ene.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287180
RESUMEN
RESUMEN

Introducción:

las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios se sitúan como la peor experiencia del paciente junto al dolor y el despertar intraoperatorio.

Objetivo:

determinar la incidencia de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios en pacientes que reciben anestesia general para cirugía electiva.

Métodos:

se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal en 2 334 pacientes desde enero de 2013 a diciembre de 2018, en el Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico Arnaldo Milián Castro y el Hospital Universitario Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau, de Santa Clara. Se estudiaron las variables sexo, edad, tabaquismo, antecedentes de cinetosis, náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios, agentes anestésicos y halogenados empleados, uso de opiodes perioperatorios, tipo de intervención quirúrgica según estancia hospitalaria y tratamiento al sitio quirúrgico, tiempo quirúrgico y aparición de náuseas y vómitos en las primeras 24 horas del postoperatorio.

Resultados:

la incidencia de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios fue de 15,9%, con predominio en el sexo femenino, en pacientes menores de 50 años de edad, los no fumadores, los que presentaban antecedentes de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios o cinetosis, en los que se utilizó agentes halogenados y opiodes postoperatorios, en cirugía no ambulatoria y de enfoque convencional, y en los pacientes con tiempos quirúrgicos iguales o mayores a una hora.

Conclusiones:

la incidencia de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios fue baja y se estableció una probabilidad de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios desde ningún factor hasta 7 factores de riesgo de 5,5 %, 6,9 %, 13,3 %, 29,7 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 % y 71,4 %, respectivamente.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT

Introduction:

postoperative nausea and vomiting rank as the worst patient experience along with pain and intraoperative awakening.

Objective:

to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who receive general anesthesia for elective surgery.

Methods:

an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 2 334 patients belonging to "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Clinical and Surgical University Hospital and "Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau" University Hospital from Santa Clara between January 2013 and December 2018. Gender, age, smoking, history of motion sickness, postoperative nausea and vomiting, anesthetic and halogenated agents used, use of perioperative opioids, type of surgical intervention according to hospital stay and treatment at the surgical site, surgical time and appearance of nausea and vomiting in the first 24 hours after surgery were the variables studied.

Results:

the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was 15.9%, with a predominance in female patients under 50 years of age, non-smokers, those with a history of postoperative nausea and vomiting or motion sickness, in which halogenated agents and postoperative opioids were used, in non-ambulatory surgery and conventional approach, and in patients with surgical times equal to or greater than one hour.

Conclusions:

the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was low and a probability of postoperative nausea and vomiting was established from no factor to 7 risk factors with percentage values 5.5%, 6.9%, 13.3%, 29.7%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 71.4%, respectively.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Postoperative Complications / Vomiting / Anesthesia, General / Nausea Type of study: Incidence study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors / Screening study Language: Spanish Journal: Medicentro (Villa Clara) Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2021 Type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico Arnaldo Milián Castro/CU / Hospital Universitario Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau/CU / Hospital Universitario Ginecobstétrico Mariana Grajales/CU

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Postoperative Complications / Vomiting / Anesthesia, General / Nausea Type of study: Incidence study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors / Screening study Language: Spanish Journal: Medicentro (Villa Clara) Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2021 Type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico Arnaldo Milián Castro/CU / Hospital Universitario Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau/CU / Hospital Universitario Ginecobstétrico Mariana Grajales/CU