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Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de lesión renal aguda en el posoperatorio inmediato / Risk factors for the development of acute renal lesion in the immediate posoperative period
Hernández Ruiz, Anabel; LeClerc Nicolás, Jean; González González, Mercedes.
  • Hernández Ruiz, Anabel; Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez. CU
  • LeClerc Nicolás, Jean; Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez. CU
  • González González, Mercedes; Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez. CU
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 20(2): e721, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1289351
RESUMEN

Introducción:

La disfunción renal aguda es frecuente en pacientes quirúrgicos.

Objetivo:

Identificar los factores de riesgo que influyen en el desarrollo de lesión renal aguda durante el postoperatorio inmediato en cuatro años.

Métodos:

Se realizó un estudio de tipo casos y controles. (750 controles y 230 casos). Fue empleado el Chi Cuadrado (α< 0,05), el OR con IC 95 por ciento y el cálculo de valores predictivos.

Resultados:

La frecuencia fue de un 23,4 por ciento. Los factores de riesgo en el posoperatorio fueron mayores de 60 años (OR 4,0 IC 95 por ciento 2,9-5,6) (p=0,00), cirugía de urgencia (OR 2,7 IC 95 por ciento 2,1-3,6) (p=0,00), ASA clase 4 (OR 2,0 IC 95 por ciento 1,4-2,8,) (p=0,00). En el intra y posoperatorio cirugía de fractura de cadera (OR 4,9 IC 95 por ciento 3,2-7,5), anestesia general (OR 3,0 IC 95 por ciento 2,2-4,2), administración mayor de 2500 mL de cristaloides (OR 186,1 IC 95 por ciento 107,4-321,9) (p=0,00), más de 60 mg de furosemida (OR 3,3 IC 95 por ciento 2,4-4,6) (p=0,00), APACHE II inicial ≥ 15 puntos (OR 46 IC 95 por ciento 28,1-74,8) (p=0,00). El mayor valor predictivo lo obtuvo el APACHE II inicial (sensibilidad 92,0 por cientoy especificidad 80,0 por ciento).

Conclusiones:

El control de los factores de riesgo en el posoperatorio inmediato disminuiría de forma significativa la incidencia de lesión renal aguda, en especial en aquellos mayores de 60 años, con cirugía de urgencia, anestesia general, fractura de cadera y APACHE II por encima de 15 puntos. Debe garantizarse la normovolemia, individualizar y optimizar dosis-tiempo de exposición de la furosemida, hemoderivados y aminas vasoactivas(AU)
ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Acute renal dysfunction is frequent in surgical patients.

Objective:

To identify the risk factors that influence the development of acute kidney injury during the immediate postoperative period in four years.

Methods:

A case-control study was carried out, with 750 controls and 230 cases. Chi-square (α<0.05), odds ratio [OR] (95 percent confidence interval [95 percent CI]) and calculation of predictive values ​​were used.

Results:

The frequency was 23.4 percent. The postoperative risk factors were age over 60 years (OR 4.0; 95 percent CI 2.9-5.6) (P=0.00), emergency surgery (OR 2.7; 95 percent CI 2.1-3.6) (P=0.00), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class IV (OR 2.0; 95 percent CI 1.4-2.8) (P=0.00). In the intraoperative and postoperative periods, the risk factors were hip fracture surgery (OR 4.9; 95 percent CI 3.2-7.5), general anesthesia (OR 3.0; 95 percent CI 2.2-4.2), administration of more than 2500 mL of crystalloids (OR 186.1; 95 percent CI 107.4-321.9) (P=0.00), more than 60 mg of furosemide (OR 3.3; 95 percent CI 2.4-4.6) (p=0.00), initial acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score ≥ 15 points (OR 46; 95 percent CI 28.1-74.8) (p=0.00). The highest predictive value was obtained by the initial APACHE II (sensitivity of 92.0 percent and specificity of 80.0 percent).

Conclusions:

The control of risk factors in the immediate postoperative period would reduce the incidence of acute renal injury significantly, especially in patients aged over 60 years, who underwent emergency surgery, received general anesthesia, with hip fracture and APACHE II above 15 points. Normovolemia must be guaranteed, as well as individualizing and optimizing the relationship dose-time of exposure of furosemide, blood products and vasoactive amines(AU)
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Acute Kidney Injury Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim Journal subject: Anesthesiology Year: 2021 Type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez/CU

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Acute Kidney Injury Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim Journal subject: Anesthesiology Year: 2021 Type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez/CU