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Efficacy of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf extract and hypertonic saline solution as intratesticular chemical sterilizing agents in dogs / Eficácia do extrato de folha de Azadirachta indica (Neem) e solução salina hipertônica como agente químico esterilizante intratesticular em cães
Ali, Moazam; Ijaz, Misbah; Manzoor, Asad; Mohy-Ud-Din, Muhammad Tahir; Hassan, Faiza; Tabassum, Rubby; Bhutta, Zeeshan Ahmad; Ali, Wajid; Muneeb, Muhammad; Mehtab, Ujala; Zafar, Muhammad Arif.
  • Ali, Moazam; University of Agriculture. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery. Faisalabad. PK
  • Ijaz, Misbah; University of Agriculture. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery. Faisalabad. PK
  • Manzoor, Asad; University of Agriculture. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery. Faisalabad. PK
  • Mohy-Ud-Din, Muhammad Tahir; University of Agriculture. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery. Faisalabad. PK
  • Hassan, Faiza; University of Agriculture. Institute of Pharmacy Physiology and Pharmacology. Faisalabad. PK
  • Tabassum, Rubby; Livestock and Dairy Development Board. Punjab. PK
  • Bhutta, Zeeshan Ahmad; University of Edinburgh. The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. Edinburgh. GB
  • Ali, Wajid; Nigde Omer Halisdemir University. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies. Department of Animal Production and Technologies. Nigde. TR
  • Muneeb, Muhammad; University of Agriculture. Department of Pathology. Faisalabad. PK
  • Mehtab, Ujala; Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture. aculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. Multan. PK
  • Zafar, Muhammad Arif; PMAS Arid Agriculture University. Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. Department of Clinical Sciences. Rawalpindi. PK
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 57(4): e171582, 2020. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1348168
ABSTRACT
Castration refers to induced sterility via physical, chemical, or hormonal methods. Chemical castration is an efficient and reliable technique in contrast to other sterilization procedures as it is less painful to physical methods and cost­effective to hormonal methods. Azadirachta indica (neem), is a charismatic plant as its leaves possess anti­inflammatory, anti­microbial, and anti­androgenic chattels. To abate the escalating human population in South Asia, neem oil and neem leaf extract have been effectively used as a contraceptive agent. The key determinant of the current study was to evaluate Neem as a chemical sterilizing agent, (either necrotic or apoptotic), in dogs injected intratesticular in comparison to a hypertonic saline solution. Pre­ and post­injection testicular width size and blood samples for serum testosterone levels were collected on alternative days. Results disclosed substantial changes in testicular width size, histopathological profile, and serum testosterone level. A non­significant (P > 0.05) pre­injection testicular width readings in contrast to a significant increase (P < 0.05) three days post­injection was noted in all the competitive groups. The mean values recorded for testicular width size at the end of the trial study via neem leaf extract, 30% HSS and, control groups were 27.7362 ± 2.3315mm, 30.9594 ± 4.6861mm, and 24.5023 ± 2.5387mm, respectively. A declining trend, regarding serum testosterone level being statistically significant (P < 0.05) was recorded in treated groups (A, B) in contrast to the control group (C) as the values were 1.5357 ± 0.7819ng, 1.2669 ± 0.9095ng, and 2.4517 ± 0.1827ng in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Histopathological findings advocated the presence of apoptotic bodies in the neem treated group whereas the presence of degenerated interstitial cells, necrosed seminiferous tubules, damaged germinal epithelium, and ceased spermatogenesis was also studied in both competitive groups. Thus, the apoptotic effect and anti­inflammatory property of neem leaf extract resulted in less painful castration and verified Azadirachta indica as a better substitute for chemical castration in contrast to hypertonic saline solution.(AU)
RESUMO
A castração consiste na indução da esterilidade por meio físico, químico ou hormonal. A castração química é uma técnica eficiente e confiável, em contraste com outros procedimentos de esterilização, pois é menos dolorosa para os métodos físicos e econômicos para os métodos hormonais. Azadirachta indica (neem), é uma planta carismática, pois possui folhas anti­inflamatórias, antimicrobianas e antiandrogênicas. Para diminuir a crescente população humana no sul da Ásia, o óleo de nim e o extrato de folhas de nim têm sido efetivamente usados como agente contraceptivo. O principal determinante deste estudo atual foi avaliar o Neem como um agente esterilizante químico (necrótico ou apoptótico) em cães injetados intratesticularmente em comparação com uma solução salina hipertônica. O tamanho da largura testicular pré e pós­injeção e as amostras de sangue para os níveis séricos de testosterona foram colhidas em dias alternados. Os resultados obtidos revelaram alterações substanciais no tamanho da largura testicular, perfil histopatológico e nível sérico de testosterona. Observou­se uma leitura não significativa (P> 0,05) da largura testicular da pré­injeção, em contraste com um aumento significativo (P <0,05) três dias após a injeção em todos os grupos competitivos.Os valores médios registrados para o tamanho da largura testicular no final do estudo via extrato de folhas de nim,HSS a 30% e grupos controle foram 27,7362 ± 2,3315 mm, 30,9594 ± 4,6861 mm e 24,5023 ± 2,5387 mm, respectivamente.Uma tendência decrescente, com relação ao nível sérico de testosterona sendo estatisticamente significante (P <0,05), foi registrada nos grupos tratados (A, B), em contraste com o grupo controle (C), pois os valores eram 1,5357 ± 0,7819ng, 1,2669 ± 0,9095ng e 2,4517 ± 0,1827ng nos grupos A, B e C, respectivamente. Os achados histopatológicos advogaram a presença de corpos apoptóticos no grupo tratado com nim, enquanto a presença de células intersticiais degeneradas, túbulos seminíferos necrosados, epitélio germinativo danificado e espermatogênese interrompida também foi estudada nos dois grupos competitivos. Assim, o efeito apoptótico e a propriedade anti­inflamatória do extrato de folhas de nim resultaram em uma castração menos dolorosa e confirmaram que a Azadirachta indica foi um melhor substituto para a castração química do que a solução salina hipertônica.(AU)
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Orchiectomy / Azadirachta / Dogs / Saline Solution Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) Year: 2020 Type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Livestock and Dairy Development Board/PK / Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture/PK / Nigde Omer Halisdemir University/TR / PMAS Arid Agriculture University/PK / University of Agriculture/PK / University of Edinburgh/GB

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Orchiectomy / Azadirachta / Dogs / Saline Solution Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) Year: 2020 Type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Livestock and Dairy Development Board/PK / Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture/PK / Nigde Omer Halisdemir University/TR / PMAS Arid Agriculture University/PK / University of Agriculture/PK / University of Edinburgh/GB