COVID-19 en terapia intensiva: ¿qué pacientes tienen más riesgo de requerir ventilación mecánica? / COVID-19 in intensive care: which patients are most at risk of requiring mechanical ventilation?

RESUMEN

Introducción: En COVID-19 grave, identificar pacientes con mayor riesgo de ventilación mecánica (VM) ayuda a optimizar el manejo. Materiales y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados a UTI entre marzo/septiembre 2020. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, análisis univariado (p significativa <0.05) y multivariado (variables significativas en el univariado).Resultados: Ingresaron 114 pacientes, 91 (79,8%) hombres, edad promedio 54,6 ±14,8 años. 66 (57,9%) eran obesos, 44 (38,6%) ≥ 60 años, 38 (33,3%) hipertensos (33,3%) y 28 (24,6%) diabéticos. 39 (23%) tenían ferritina elevada, 62 (76,5%) linfopenia y 33 (41,3%) LDH aumentada. Mortalidad global 34%. 72 pacientes (63,1%) requirieron VM. Los predictores independientes de requerimiento de VM en el análisis multivariado fueron sexo masculino, edad ≥60 años, diabetes, linfopenia y ferritina y LDH aumentadas. Conclusiones: En pacientes con COVID-19 grave, los predictores independientes de necesidad de VM fueron sexo masculino, edad ≥ 60 años, diabetes, niveles elevados de ferritina y LDH y linfopenia

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In severe COVID-19, identifying patients with a higher risk of mechanical ventilation (MV) helps to optimize management.Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU between March / September 2020. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analysis were used. Results: 114 patients were admitted, 91 (79.8%) were men, mean age 54.6 ± 14.8 years. 66 (57.9%) were obese, 44 (38.6%) ≥60 years, 38 (33.3%) were hypertensive (33.3%) and 28 (24.6 %) diabetics. 39 (23%) had elevated ferritin, 62 (76.5%) had lymphopenia, and 33 (41.3%) had increased LDH. Overall mortality 34%. 72 patients (63.1%) required MV. The independent predictors of MV requirement in the multivariate analysis were male sex, age ≥60 years, diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased ferritin and LDH.Conclusions: In patients with severe COVID-19, the independent predictors of the need for MV were male sex, age ≥ 60 years, diabetes, elevated levels of ferritin and LDH, and lymphopenia