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Possible effects of low testosterone levels on olfactory function in males / Possíveis efeitos dos baixos níveis de testosterona na função olfativa em homens
Kirgezen, Tolga; Yücetas, Ugur; Server, Ela Araz; Övünç, Okan; Yigit, Özgür.
  • Kirgezen, Tolga; University of Health Sciences. Istanbul Training and Research Hospital. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery. Istanbul. TR
  • Yücetas, Ugur; University of Health Sciences. Istanbul Training and Research Hospital. Department of Urology. Istanbul. TR
  • Server, Ela Araz; University of Health Sciences. Istanbul Training and Research Hospital. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery. Istanbul. TR
  • Övünç, Okan; University of Health Sciences. Istanbul Training and Research Hospital. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery. Istanbul. TR
  • Yigit, Özgür; University of Health Sciences. Istanbul Training and Research Hospital. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery. Istanbul. TR
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 87(6): 702-710, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350351
ABSTRACT
Abstract

Introduction:

Functions attributed to androgens have increased, ranging from the role in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and reproductive behaviors to modulation of cognition, mood and some other functions. Sex differences and changes in circulating sex hormones affect human sensory function. In the literature, authors reported this kind of influence for olfaction predominantly in females.

Objective:

To investigate the effects of low testosterone levels on olfactory functions in males, in this prospective clinical study.

Methods:

Male patients diagnosed with prostate cancer were included. Thirty-nine patients with prostate cancer whose testosterone levels were lower than 50 ng/dL due to castration, were the study group. Thirty-one patients with prostate cancer who were not castrated with testosterone levels higher than 50 ng/dL were selected as the control group. Acoustic rhinometry and peak nasal inspiratory flow tests were performed for all participants; and for evaluation of olfactory function, both groups completed the Connecticut chemosensory clinical research center olfactory test.

Results:

The mean ages of the patients and controls were 69.6 ± 7.2 (57-89) and 66.3 ± 5.8 (50-78) years, respectively (= 0.039). There was a significant difference between groups in terms of testosterone levels (p < 0.0001). The multivariate logistic regression revealed testosterone level as the only predictive factor determining the difference between the groups. In terms of olfactory parameters, all scores were lower in the emasculated group (butanol threshold test p = 0.019, identification p = 0.059, and Connecticut center score p = 0.029) There was a significant correlation between testosterone levels and olfactory parameters (p = 0.023; p = 0.025 for identification and Connecticut center scores, respectively).

Conclusion:

Low testosterone levels in males have negative effects on olfactory functions. Further molecular research is required to understand the connection between testosterone and olfaction.
RESUMO
Resumo

Introdução:

As funções atribuídas aos andrógenos aumentaram, variam desde o papel no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonadal e comportamentos reprodutivos até a modulação da cognição, humor e outras funções. As diferenças entre os sexos e as mudanças nos hormônios sexuais circulantes afetam a função sensorial humana. Na literatura, os autores relataram esse tipo de influência para o olfato, principalmente no sexo feminino.

Objetivo:

Investigar os efeitos dos baixos níveis de testosterona nas funções olfativas em homens, neste estudo clínico prospectivo.

Método:

Pacientes do sexo masculino com diagnóstico de câncer de próstata foram incluídos no estudo. Compreenderam o grupo de estudo 39 pacientes com câncer de próstata cujos níveis de testosterona eram inferiores a 50 ng/dL devido à castração. Foram determinados como grupo controle 31 pacientes com câncer de próstata que não foram emasculados, com níveis de testosterona superiores a 50 ng/dL. Testes de rinometria acústica e pico de fluxo inspiratório nasal foram feitos para todos os participantes; e para avaliação da função olfativa, ambos os grupos concluíram o teste olfativo do Connecticut chemosensory clinical research center.

Resultados:

A média da idade dos pacientes e controles foi de 69,6 ± 7,2 (57 ± 89) e 66,3 ± 5,8 (50 ± 78) anos, respectivamente (= 0,039). Houve uma diferença significante entre os grupos em relação a níveis de testosterona (p < 0,0001). A regressão logística multivariada revelou o nível de testosterona como o único fator preditivo que determinou a diferença entre os grupos. Em termos de parâmetros olfativos, todos os escores foram menores no grupo castrado (teste do limiar de butanol p = 0,019, identificação p = 0,059 e escore do Connecticut center p = 0,029). Houve uma correlação significante entre o nível de testosterona e os parâmetros olfativos (p = 0,023; p = 0,025 para identificação e escore do Connecticut center, respectivamente).

Conclusão:

Baixos níveis de testosterona em homens têm efeito negativo na função olfativa. Mais pesquisas moleculares são necessárias para entender a conexão entre testosterona e olfação.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Olfaction Disorders Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) Journal subject: Otolaryngology Year: 2021 Type: Article Affiliation country: Turkey Institution/Affiliation country: University of Health Sciences/TR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Olfaction Disorders Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) Journal subject: Otolaryngology Year: 2021 Type: Article Affiliation country: Turkey Institution/Affiliation country: University of Health Sciences/TR