Pronóstico de los pacientes hospitalizados por Covid-19 que utilizaban inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina o antagonistas del receptor de angiotensina II / Prognósis of patients hospitalized due to Covid-19 who were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers

RESUMEN

Introducción: existe controversia acerca de la seguridad del uso de inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (iECA) o antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina II (ARA II) en pacientes con COVID-19, debido a que la ECA-2 sirve de entrada del virus a la célula. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación del antecedente del uso de iECA o ARA II con el ingreso a UCI o la muerte intrahospitalaria. Metodología: cohorte prospectiva multicéntrica que incluyó pacientes adultos hospitalizados por coronavirus COVID-19 en tres hospitales de Bogotá, Colombia, entre abril y noviembre 2020. Se realizó un análisis univariado evaluando la asociación de los iECA y ARA II con el ingreso a UCI o la muerte intrahospitalaria. Resultados: se incluyeron 592 pacientes de los cuales 225 (38.0%) cursaban con hipertensión arterial, 108 (18.2%) diabetes y 50 (8.4%) enfermedad cardiovascular crónica, 160 (27.0%) ingresaron a UCI y 107 (18.1%) fallecieron, 32% tenía el antecedente de uso de iECA o ARA II. En el análisis univariado no se obtuvo ninguna asociación con ingreso a UCI o muerte intrahospitalaria, uso de inhibidores de la ECA OR= 1.017 (IC95% 0.887 - 1.152, p=0.800), OR=1.072 (0.952 - 1.19, p=0.968) respectivamente; uso de ARA II OR= 0.998 (IC95% 0.913-1.086, p=0.968), OR=1.045 (IC95% 0.969 - 1.122, p=0.235), respectivamente. Conclusiones: el antecedente del uso de los iECA o ARA II no se asoció con el ingreso a UCI o la muerte intrahospitalaria en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: controversy remains about the safety of using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with COVID-19, since ACE2 receptor mediates the entry of the virus into the cell. Objective: to evaluate the association of past history of ACEIs or ARBs use with admission to the ICU or in-hospital death. Methodology: prospective multicenter cohort that included adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 coronavirus in three hospitals in Bogota, Colombia, between April and November 2020. A univariate analysis was performed evaluating the association of ACEIs and ARBs with ICU admission or in-hospital death. Results: 592 patients were included of whom 225 (38.0%) had hypertension, 108 (18.2%) diabetes and 50 (8.4%) chronic cardiovascular disease, 160 (27.0%) were admitted to the ICU and 107 (18.1%) died, 32% had a history of prior ACEIs or ARBs use. In the univariate analysis no association was found with ICU admission or in-hospital death, ACEIs use OR= 1.017 (CI95% 0.887 - 1.152, p=0.800), OR=1.072 (0.952 - 1.19, p=0.968) respectively; use of ARBs OR= 0.998 (CI95% 0.913-1.086, p=0.968), OR=1.045 (CI95% 0.969 - 1.122, p=0.235), respectively. Conclusions: a history of prior ACEIs or ARBs use was not associated with admission to the ICU or in-hospital death in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19.