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Prevalencia de factores de riesgo ambientales prenatales en niños con trastorno del espectro autista controlados en un hospital de niños / Prevalence of prenatal environmental risk factors in children with autism spectrum disorder monitored in a children's hospital
Águila, Fabiola; Albornoz, Javiera; Conejero, Jennifer; Yohannessen V. , Karla.
  • Águila, Fabiola; Hospital Roberto del Rio. Departamento de Pediatra Norte. CL
  • Albornoz, Javiera; Hospital Roberto del Rio. Departamento de Pediatra Norte. CL
  • Conejero, Jennifer; Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. CL
  • Yohannessen V. , Karla; Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. CL
Rev. pediatr. electrón ; 17(3): 2-12, oct. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1367094
RESUMEN

INTRODUCCIÓN:

El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) afecta al 1% de los niños y se ha demostrado que una de sus principales causas se debe a factores ambientales prenatales que afectan al feto durante el periodo gestacional. El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo (FR) prenatales en niños con TEA menores de 8 años que se controlan en un Hospital de niños.

MÉTODOS:

Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta a los padres o tutores de los niños durante la espera a su control. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos.

RESULTADOS:

Participaron 76 madres de niños con TEA. Entre los niños predominó el sexo masculino, mediana de edad de 5,4 años, la mayoría puede hablar sin dificultad (78%) y un 28% tenía diagnóstico de alguna enfermedad crónica. La prevalencia de FR prenatales encontrados en este estudio es similar a las reportadas en otros estudios especialmente la edad de los padres, los años de educación materna, los abortos previos y el diagnóstico de enfermedades en el embarazo. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de factores como el embarazo de alto riesgo, el consumo materno de fármacos durante el embarazo, el parto prematuro y el consumo de tabaco y drogas durante el embarazo, fueron muy superiores en este estudio comparado con otros estudios, y podrían estar relacionadas con el diagnóstico de TEA en la infancia.

CONCLUSIÓN:

A partir de estos hallazgos, se establece una base para realizar estudios comparativos en el futuro.
ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects 1% of children and it has been shown that one of its main causes is due to prenatal factors that affect the fetus during the gestational period. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of prenatal risk factors (RF) in children with ASD under 8 years of age who are monitored in a Children's Hospital.

METHODS:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. A survey was applied to the parents or guardians of the children during the wait for their control. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out.

RESULTS:

76 mothers of children with ASD participated. The male sex predominated, the average age was 5.4 years, the majority could speak without difficulty (78%) and 28% had a diagnosis of a chronic disease. The prevalence of prenatal RF found in this study is similar to that reported in other studies, especially the age of the parents, the years of maternal education, previous abortions and the diagnosis of diseases in pregnancy. However, the prevalence of factors such as high-risk pregnancy, maternal consumption of medicines during pregnancy, preterm delivery and tobacco and drug use during pregnancy were much higher in this study compared to other studies, and could be related to the diagnosis of ASD in childhood.

CONCLUSION:

Based on these findings, a basis for comparative studies in the future is established.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Parents / Maternal Exposure / Environmental Hazards / Autism Spectrum Disorder Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Qualitative research / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adult / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Infant / Male / Pregnancy Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. pediatr. electrón Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2020 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Roberto del Rio/CL / Universidad de Chile/CL

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Parents / Maternal Exposure / Environmental Hazards / Autism Spectrum Disorder Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Qualitative research / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adult / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Infant / Male / Pregnancy Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. pediatr. electrón Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2020 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Roberto del Rio/CL / Universidad de Chile/CL