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Orientalismo y respuesta sanitaria a la pandemia en chile: un desafío cultural / Orientalism and health responses to the pandemic in Chile: a cultural challenge
Pacheco, Jorge.
Affiliation
  • Pacheco, Jorge; Universidad de Concepción. Concepción. CL
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 25(2): 220-232, 2021.
Article in Es | LILACS | ID: biblio-1370148
Responsible library: CL1.1
RESUMEN
El siguiente artículo discute la influencia del orientalismo en la respuesta a la pandemia en Chile. Se define orientalismo como una construcción cultural binaria y excluyente donde se comprende a Oriente como lo opuesto a Occidente. Normativamente, este modelo considera Oriente como colectivista y Occidente como individualista. Utilizando la técnica análisis estructural de contenidos se observa que este modelo está presente en el discurso de autoridades sanitarias. En el discurso se plantea que el autoritarismo y la disciplina de los países asiáticos permitieron una respuesta efectiva a la pandemia. Asimismo, se plantea que el respeto a la libertad y la democracia hacen impracticable aplicar medidas similares en Occidente. Esta posición normativa antagónica resulta problemática ya que (a) reduce el éxito de los países asiáticos a un factor cultural sin considerar su experiencia en brotes epidémicos previos, (b) contribuye a comprender las restricciones a la libertad durante una pandemia como algo "no Occidental", generalizándose el autoritarismo a todos los países asiáticos y (c) reproduce pre-juicios xenofóbicos y racistas que habitualmente están exacerbados durante brotes epidémicos
ABSTRACT
This article explores the influence of Orientalism on the response to the pandemic in Chile. Orientalism is defined as the simplified, binary cultural construction that frames the East as the opposite of the West. Normatively, this model considers the East as collectivist and the West as individualist. Relying on structural content analy-sis, it is observed that this model is present in the discourse of health authorities. The discourse asserts that the authoritarianism and discipline of Asian countries allowed an effective response to the pandemic. Likewise, it is argued that respect for freedom and democracy make it impracticable to apply similar measures in the West. This antagonistic normative position is problematic, given that (a) it reduces the success of Asian countries to cultural characteristics without considering their experience in previous epidemic outbreaks, (b) it contributes to understanding the restrictions on freedom during a pandemic as something "non-Western", generalizing an authoritarian approach of all Asian countries and (c) reproducing xenophobic and racist prejudices that are usually exacerbated during epidemic outbreaks.
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Full text: 1 Index: LILACS Main subject: Ethnocentrism / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic_studies / Screening_studies Country/Region as subject: America do sul / Chile Language: Es Journal: Rev. chil. salud pública Journal subject: SAUDE PUBLICA Year: 2021 Type: Article

Full text: 1 Index: LILACS Main subject: Ethnocentrism / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic_studies / Screening_studies Country/Region as subject: America do sul / Chile Language: Es Journal: Rev. chil. salud pública Journal subject: SAUDE PUBLICA Year: 2021 Type: Article