Detección de problemas alimentarios y su relación con hábitos alimentarios en adolescentes / Detection of eating problems and their relationship with eating habits in adolescents

RESUMEN

Resumen El propósito de este trabajo fue hacer la detección de probables casos de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) en adolescentes, así como analizar su relación con los hábitos alimentarios (HA) dentro del contexto escolar. Participaron 3,144 alumnos/as (49.7% chicas y 50.3% chicos), con edades entre 13 y 17 años (M = 14.41, DE = 0.79). Fueron registradas distintas variables: sociodemográficas, índice de masa corporal (IMC) e ingesta alimentaria, además de aplicar el Cuestionario de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT-40) y el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal (BSQ). Se identificaron diferencias significativas en EAT-40 y BSQ, con una mayor proporción de chicas vs. chicos que superaron el punto de corte. Respecto al IMC, aunque la mayoría estaba en normopeso, el 17.6% tuvo infrapeso, 20.4% sobrepeso y 7.1% obesidad. El 5.6% de todos los participantes fueron identificados como probables casos de TCA, con una mayor proporción de mujeres (9.6%) que de hombres (1.8%). No hubo correlación con los HA, pero sí mayor proporción de chicas que consumían menos alimentos y bebidas durante el desayuno y el recreo. Un dato alarmante es que 5.6% de las chicas y 2.5% de los chicos no consumían nada durante toda la mañana escolar.

ABSTRACT

Abstract A study of detection of probable cases of eating disorders (ED) in teenagers, studying their possible relationship with their dietary habits (DH) in the school context has been carried out. The participants were 3,144 students (49.7 % girls and 50.3 % boys) aged between 13 and 17 years old (M = 14.41, SD = 0.79). Different variables were recorded: sociodemographic, body mass index (BMI) and dietary intake, in addition to applying the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire (EAT-40) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Significant differences were identified in EAT-40 and BSQ, with a greater proportion of girls vs. boys exceeding the cut-off point. Regarding the BMI, although most were in normal weight, the 17.6% were underweight, 20.4% overweight and 7.1% obese. Based on all the data, 5.6% of all participants were identified as probable cases of ED, with a higher proportion of women (9.6%) that men (1.8%). There was no correlation with DH, but there were a higher proportion of girls who consumed less food and beverages during breakfast and recess. An alarming fact is that 5.6% of girls and 2.5% of boys did not consume anything during the whole school time.