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Aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a COVID-19 en pacientes críticos: experiencia de un hospital público chileno / COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients: experience of a Chilean public hospital
Araya-Rojas, Fernando; Lasso-Barreto, Martín.
  • Araya-Rojas, Fernando; Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Santiago. CL
  • Lasso-Barreto, Martín; Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Santiago. CL
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(6): 754-760, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388316
RESUMEN

INTRODUCCIÓN:

Se han descrito coinfecciones fúngicas por Aspergillus spp. en pacientes críticos cursando una infección por COVID-19.

OBJETIVOS:

Describir las características clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución de pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo con COVID-19, que cursan con aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a COVID-19 (CAPA por sus siglas en inglés) en un centro hospitalario público. Pacientes y

MÉTODOS:

Revisión de registros clínicos durante 12 meses en pacientes con diagnóstico de CAPA mediante cultivos de muestras respiratorias o determinación de galactomanano (GM).

RESULTADOS:

En 11 pacientes se diagnosticó CAPA probable (score APACHE II promedio de 11,7). Las muestras respiratorias se obtuvieron en 73% de los casos por lavado broncoalveolar y en 27% por aspirado endotraqueal. Se aisló A. fumigatus en 4 cultivos, A. niger, A. terreus y Aspergillus spp en una ocasión cada uno y los cultivos fueron negativos en 4 muestras. En 7 pacientes se realizó GM de muestras respiratorias, mediana 3,6 (RIC 1,71 - 4,4), en 10 pacientes se realizó GM sérica, mediana 0,5 (RIC 0,265 - 0,975) con 50% de ellas > 0,5. Dos pacientes mostraron hallazgos sugerentes de CAPA en la tomografía computada. Todos recibieron terapia anti-fúngica con voriconazol, con una duración promedio 14 días. Cuatro pacientes fallecieron.

CONCLUSIONES:

La presencia de CAPA debe ser un diagnóstico a considerar en pacientes críticos con COVID-19.
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Aspergillus spp. fungal coinfections have been described in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

AIM:

To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and evolution of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome with COVID-19, who present with COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in a single public hospital.

METHODS:

Retrospective review of clinical records during 12 months in patients diagnosed with CAPA by cultures of respiratory samples or determination of galactomannan (GM).

RESULTS:

Probable CAPA was diagnosed in 11 patients (average APACHE II score of 11.7). Respiratory samples were obtained in 73% of cases by bronchoalveolar lavage and in 27% by tracheal aspirate. A. fumigatus was isolated in 4 cultures, A. niger, A. terreus and Aspergillus spp on one occasion each and the cultures were negative in 4 samples. Respiratory sample GM was performed in 7 patients, median 3.6 (IQR 1.71 - 4.4). In 10 patients, serum GM was performed, median 0.5 (IQR 0.265 - 0.9 75) with 50% of them > 0.5. Two patients showed classic findings suggestive of CAPA on computed tomography. All received antifungal therapy with voriconazole, mean time 14 days. Four patients died.

CONCLUSIONS:

The presence of CAPA should be a diagnosis to be considered in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis / COVID-19 Type of study: Risk factors Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. infectol Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2021 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río/CL

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis / COVID-19 Type of study: Risk factors Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. infectol Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2021 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río/CL