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Abuso sexual infantil y adolescente y su relación con trastornos alimentarios / Child and adolescent sexual abuse and its relationship with eating disorders
Behar, Rosa; Barra, Flora de la.
  • Behar, Rosa; Universidad de Valparaíso. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Psiquiatría. Valparaíso. CL
  • Barra, Flora de la; Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Salud Mental Oriente. Santiago. CL
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 59(4): 308-320, dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388401
RESUMEN
ANTECEDENTES El antecedente de abuso sexual (AS) en la infancia o adolescencia en los trastornos alimentarios (TCA) está documentado en la experiencia clínica y en la literatura. Sin embargo, las complejas relaciones entre ambas condiciones no han sido sistematizadas.

OBJETIVO:

Describir la relación clínica y neurobiológica entre AS y TCA.

MÉTODO:

Se analizó exhaustivamente la literatura especializada en textos y artículos incluidos en Medline/PubMed, SciELO. Se perfilaron los conceptos centrales y se redactó la información buscando didáctica cohesión incluyendo un caso clínico ilustrativo.

RESULTADOS:

Aunque el AS es un factor inespecífico para el desarrollo de trastornos mentales, constituye un fenómeno significativo predisponente, desencadenante y perpetuante para la emergencia de un TCA, principalmente bulimia nerviosa. Se describen los factores de riesgo, mediadores, predictores, protectores y de resiliencia. Ambas condiciones poseen correlatos neurobiológicos y clínicos análogos (síntomas nucleares y funciones adaptativas). Existen disfunciones similares en los circuitos de recompensa y regulación emocional, con alteraciones estructurales distintas en áreas prefrontales.

CONCLUSIONES:

Existe contundente evidencia de la co-existencia de AS en los TCA. No obstante, es necesario continuar desarrollando modelos de investigación que integren realmente los procesos genéticos, hormonales, neurotransmisores, de personalidad y socioculturales de riesgo.
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

A history of childhood sexual abuse (SA) or adolescence in eating disorders (ED) is documented in clinical experience and in the literature. However, the complex relationships between both conditions have not been systematized.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the clinical and neurobiological relationship between SA and ED.

METHOD:

The specialized literature in texts and articles included in Medline/PubMed, SciELO was thoroughly analysed. Central concepts were outlined and information was written seeking didactic cohesion, including an illustrative clinical case.

RESULTS:

Although SA is a nonspecific factor for the development of mental disorders, it constitutes a significant predisposing, triggering and perpetuating phenomenon for the emergence of ED, mainly bulimia nervosa. Risk, mediator, predictor, protective and resilience factors are described. Both specific conditions show analogous neurobiological and clinical correlates (core symptoms and adaptive functions). Similar dysfunctions exist in reward and emotional regulation circuits, with limited structural disturbances in prefrontal areas.

CONCLUSIONS:

There is strong evidence of the coexistence of SA in ED. However, it is necessary to develop research models that truly integrate genetic, hormonal, neurotransmitter, personality and sociocultural risk processes.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Child Abuse, Sexual / Feeding and Eating Disorders Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr Journal subject: Neurology / Psychiatry Year: 2021 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Chile/CL / Universidad de Valparaíso/CL

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Child Abuse, Sexual / Feeding and Eating Disorders Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr Journal subject: Neurology / Psychiatry Year: 2021 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Chile/CL / Universidad de Valparaíso/CL