La inhibición de los puntos de control inmunológico, una terapia en evolución: remembranza del Premio Nobel de Medicina 2018 / Immune checkpoint inhibitors: a breakthrough in cancer therapy
Rev. méd. Chile
;
150(1): 93-99, ene. 2022. ilus, tab
Article
in Spanish
| LILACS
| ID: biblio-1389623
ABSTRACT
Professors James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo were awarded with the 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine for their contributions in cancer immunotherapy. The latter is a breakthrough in cancer therapy, aimed to overcome tumor-induced immunosuppression, leading to the reactivation of the immune system against cancer cells. Under physiological conditions, the CTLA-4 and PD-1 proteins expressed on T-cells and discovered by the awarded scientists, lead to immune tolerance. Cancer cells exploit these control points to enhance the inhibition of T-cells. The expression of PD ligands (PD-L1) in tumor cells and CTLA-4 ligands in antigen presenting cells, which bind the PD-1 receptor and CTLA-4 respectively, block anti-tumor immunity. This situation led to a biotechnological race focused on the development of effective antibodies able to "turn-on" the immune system cheated by the tumor. Anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies improve life-expectancy in cancer patients. In this review, we perform an historical overview of Professors Allison and Honjo contribution, as well as the immunological basis of this new and powerful therapeutic strategy, highlighting the clinical benefits of such intervention.
Full text:
Available
Index:
LILACS (Americas)
Main subject:
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
/
Neoplasms
Limits:
Humans
Language:
Spanish
Journal:
Rev. méd. Chile
Journal subject:
Medicine
Year:
2022
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Chile
Institution/Affiliation country:
Hospital Regional de Valdivia/CL
/
Universidad Bernardo OHiggins/CL
/
Universidad San Sebastián/CL
/
Universidad de Chile/CL
/
Universidad de Magallanes/CL
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